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  2. File:Crystallized sugar, multiple crystals and a single ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crystallized_sugar...

    The multiple crystals on the right were grown from a sugar cube, while the one on the left was grown from a single seed taken from the one on the right. Red dye was added to the sugar solution before growing the large crystal, but was insoluble with the sugar in its solid state, and all but small traces of the dye was forced to precipitate out ...

  3. Crystal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal

    Crystallized sugar. Crystals on the right were grown from a sugar cube, while the left from a single seed crystal taken from the right. Red dye was added to the solution when growing the larger crystal, but, insoluble with the solid sugar, all but small traces were forced to precipitate out as it grew.

  4. Rock candy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_candy

    Etymologically, "sugar candy" derives from late 13th century English (in reference to "crystallized sugar"), from Old French çucre candi (meaning "sugar candy"), and ultimately from Arabic qandi, from Persian qand ("cane sugar"), probably from Sanskrit khanda ("piece of sugar)", The sense gradually broadened (especially in the United States) to mean by the late 19th century "any confection ...

  5. Crystallization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization

    The crystals are captured, stored, and sputter-coated with platinum at cryo-temperatures for imaging. The crystallization process appears to violate the second principle of thermodynamics. Whereas most processes that yield more orderly results are achieved by applying heat, crystals usually form at lower temperatures – especially by ...

  6. Glucose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose

    From aqueous solutions, the three known forms can be crystallized: α-glucopyranose, β-glucopyranose and α-glucopyranose monohydrate. [54] Glucose is a building block of the disaccharides lactose and sucrose (cane or beet sugar), of oligosaccharides such as raffinose and of polysaccharides such as starch , amylopectin , glycogen , and cellulose .

  7. Cleavage (crystal) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)

    Synthetic single crystals of semiconductor materials are generally sold as thin wafers which are much easier to cleave. Simply pressing a silicon wafer against a soft surface and scratching its edge with a diamond scribe is usually enough to cause cleavage; however, when dicing a wafer to form chips, a procedure of scoring and breaking is often ...

  8. Birefringence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birefringence

    Gout and pseudogout crystals viewed under a microscope with a red compensator, which slows red light in one orientation (labeled "polarized light axis"). [18] Urate crystals (left image) in gout appear yellow when their long axis is parallel to the slow transmission axis of the red compensator and appear blue when perpendicular.

  9. Microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopy

    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723). The field of microscopy (optical microscopy) dates back to at least the 17th-century.Earlier microscopes, single lens magnifying glasses with limited magnification, date at least as far back as the wide spread use of lenses in eyeglasses in the 13th century [2] but more advanced compound microscopes first appeared in Europe around 1620 [3] [4] The ...