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The Covenant Code, or Book of the Covenant, is the name given by academics to a text appearing in the Torah, at Exodus 20:22–23:19; or, more strictly, the term Covenant Code may be applied to Exodus 21:1–22:16. [1] Biblically, the text is the second of the law codes said to have been given to Moses by God at Mount Sinai.
Ethical Decalogue or Ten Commandments, Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5; The Book of the Covenant, Exodus 20:22–23:3; Ritual Decalogue, Exodus 34; The ritual laws of Leviticus 1–6 and Numbers 1–10; The Holiness Code, Leviticus 17–26; Deuteronomic Code, Deuteronomy 12–26.
[151] (Exodus 20:3: "You shall have no other gods before Me"). Viewed as a treaty rather than a law code, its purpose is not so much to regulate human affairs as to define the scope of the king's power. [152] Julius Morgenstern argued that Exodus 34 was distinct from the Jahwist document, identifying it with king Asa's reforms in 899 BC. [153]
The Ritual Decalogue [1] is a list of laws at Exodus 34:11–26.These laws are similar to the Covenant Code and are followed by the phrase "Ten Commandments" (Hebrew: עשרת הדברים aseret ha-dvarîm, in Exodus 34:28).
The Mekhilta begins with Exodus 12, this being the first legal section found in Exodus. That this is the beginning is shown by the Nathan ben Jehiel and the Seder Tannaim v'Amoraim . [ 22 ] In like manner, Nissim ben Jacob proves in his Mafteach to Shab . 106b that the conclusion of the Mekhilta which he knew corresponded with that of the ...
The English name Exodus comes from the Ancient Greek: ἔξοδος, romanized: éxodos, lit. 'way out', from ἐξ-, ex-, 'out' and ὁδός, hodós, 'path', 'road'.'. In Hebrew the book's title is שְׁמוֹת, shemōt, "Names", from the beginning words of the text: "These are the names of the sons of Israel" (Hebrew: וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמֹות בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵ
The Mishnah identified four categories of guardians (shomrim): (1) an unpaid custodian (Exodus 22:6–8), (2) a borrower (Exodus 22:13–14a), (3) a paid custodian (Exodus 22:11), and (4) a renter (Exodus 22:14b). The Mishnah summarized the law when damage befell the property in question: An unpaid custodian must swear for everything and bears ...
Leviticus 20 also presents the list in a more verbose manner. Furthermore, Leviticus 22:11–21 parallels Leviticus 17, and there are, according to textual criticism, passages at Leviticus 18:26, 19:37, 22:31–33, 24:22, and 25:55, which have the appearance of once standing at the end of independent laws or collections of laws as colophons ...