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Examples of absolute configuration of some carbohydrates and amino acids according to Fischer projection (D/L system) and Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules (R/S system) The R/S system is an important nomenclature system for denoting enantiomers. This approach labels each chiral center R or S according to a system by which its substituents ...
There are three common naming conventions for specifying one of the two enantiomers (the absolute configuration) of a given chiral molecule: the R/S system is based on the geometry of the molecule; the (+)- and (−)- system (also written using the obsolete equivalents d- and l-) is based on its optical rotation properties; and the D/L system is based on the molecule's relationship to ...
The (R) enantiomer of thalidomide is effective against morning sickness, while the (S) enantiomer is teratogenic, causing birth defects. Since the drug racemizes, the drug cannot be considered safe for use by women of child-bearing age, [ 12 ] and its use is tightly controlled when used for treating other illness.
The ideal kinetic resolution is that in which only one enantiomer reacts, i.e. k R >>k S. The selectivity (s) of a kinetic resolution is related to the rate constants of the reaction of the R and S enantiomers, k R and k S respectively, by s=k R /k S, for k R >k S. This selectivity can also be referred to as the relative rates of reaction.
tert-Butanesulfinamide (also known as 2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide or Ellman's sulfinamide) is an organosulfur compound and a member of the class of sulfinamides. Both enantiomeric forms are commercially available and are used in asymmetric synthesis as chiral auxiliaries , often as chiral ammonia equivalents for the synthesis of amines .
As originally formulated metolachlor was applied as a racemate, a 1:1 mixture of the (S)- and (R)-stereoisomers. The ( R )-enantiomer is less active, and modern production methods afford a higher concentration of S-metolachlor, thus current application rates are far lower than original formulations.
An enantiopure drug is a pharmaceutical that is available in one specific enantiomeric form. Most biological molecules (proteins, sugars, etc.) are present in only one of many chiral forms, so different enantiomers of a chiral drug molecule bind differently (or not at all) to target receptors.
The "D-" and "L-" prefixes are used to specify the enantiomer of chiral organic compounds in biochemistry and are based on the compound's absolute configuration relative to (+)-glyceraldehyde, which is the D-form by definition. The prefix used to indicate absolute configuration is not directly related to the (+) or (−) prefix used to indicate ...
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