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The numerical aperture with respect to a point P depends on the half-angle, θ1, of the maximum cone of light that can enter or exit the lens and the ambient index of refraction. As a pencil of light goes through a flat plane of glass, its half-angle changes to θ2. Due to Snell's law, the numerical aperture remains the same: NA = n1 sin θ1 ...
In photography, angle of view ( AOV) [1] describes the angular extent of a given scene that is imaged by a camera. It is used interchangeably with the more general term field of view . It is important to distinguish the angle of view from the angle of coverage, which describes the angle range that a lens can image.
35 mm equivalent focal length. The resulting images from 50 mm and 70 mm lenses for different sensor sizes; 36x24 mm (red) and 24x18 mm (blue) In photography, the 35 mm equivalent focal length is a measure of the angle of view for a particular combination of a camera lens and film or image sensor size. The term is popular because in the early ...
Beam divergence. In electromagnetics, especially in optics, beam divergence is an angular measure of the increase in beam diameter or radius with distance from the optical aperture or antenna aperture from which the beam emerges. The term is relevant only in the "far field", away from any focus of the beam. Practically speaking, however, the ...
The field of view ( FOV) is the angular extent of the observable world that is seen at any given moment. In the case of optical instruments or sensors, it is a solid angle through which a detector is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation. It is further relevant in photography .
f-number. Diagram of decreasing apertures, that is, increasing f-numbers, in one-stop increments; each aperture has half the light-gathering area of the previous one. An f-number is a measure of the light-gathering ability of an optical system such as a camera lens. It is calculated by dividing the system's focal length by the diameter of the ...
Focal length. The focal point F and focal length f of a positive (convex) lens, a negative (concave) lens, a concave mirror, and a convex mirror. The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power. A positive focal length indicates that a ...
A lenticular lens is an array of lenses, designed so that when viewed from slightly different angles, different parts of the image underneath are shown. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ failed verification – see discussion ] The most common example is the lenses used in lenticular printing , where the technology is used to give an illusion of depth, or to make ...