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Passivation involves creation of an outer layer of shield material that is applied as a microcoating, created by chemical reaction with the base material, or allowed to build by spontaneous oxidation in the air. As a technique, passivation is the use of a light coat of a protective material, such as metal oxide, to create a shield against ...
Epoxy resin, mixed with pigment, may be used as a painting medium, by pouring layers on top of each other to form a complete picture. [60] It is also used in jewelry, as a doming resin for decorations and labels, and in decoupage type applications for art, countertops, and tables. [61]
Chemical coloring of metals is the process of changing the color of metal surfaces with different chemical solutions. The chemical coloring of metals can be split into three types: electroplating – coating the metal surface with another metal using electrolysis. patination – chemically reacting the metal surface to form a colored oxide or salt.
Aluminium smelting. Straumsvik aluminum smelter, operated by Rio Tinto Alcan in Iceland. Aluminium smelting is the process of extracting aluminium from its oxide, alumina, generally by the Hall-Héroult process. Alumina is extracted from the ore bauxite by means of the Bayer process at an alumina refinery .
Lake pigment. A lake pigment is a pigment made by precipitating a dye with an inert binder, or mordant, usually a metallic salt. Unlike vermilion, ultramarine, and other pigments made from ground minerals, lake pigments are organic. [ 1] Manufacturers and suppliers to artists and industry frequently omit the lake designation in the name.
Bayer process. The Bayer process is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina (aluminium oxide) and was developed by Carl Josef Bayer. Bauxite, the most important ore of aluminium, contains only 30–60% aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), the rest being a mixture of silica, various iron oxides, and titanium dioxide. [ 1]
Titanium tetrachloride is also used to make titanium dioxide, e.g., for use in white paint. [49] It is widely used in organic chemistry as a Lewis acid, for example in the Mukaiyama aldol condensation. [50] In the van Arkel–de Boer process, titanium tetraiodide (TiI 4) is generated in the production of high purity titanium metal. [51]
Lime is an inorganic material composed primarily of calcium oxides and hydroxides. It is also the name for calcium oxide which occurs as a product of coal-seam fires and in altered limestone xenoliths in volcanic ejecta. [ 1] The International Mineralogical Association recognizes lime as a mineral with the chemical formula of CaO. [ 2]