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Equivalent temperature. In atmospheric science, equivalent temperature is the temperature of air in a parcel from which all the water vapor has been extracted by an adiabatic process. Air contains water vapor that has been evaporated into it from liquid sources (lakes, sea, etc...). The energy needed to do that has been taken from the air.
Equivalent potential temperature. Equivalent potential temperature, commonly referred to as theta-e , is a quantity that is conserved during changes to an air parcel's pressure (that is, during vertical motions in the atmosphere ), even if water vapor condenses during that pressure change. It is therefore more conserved than the ordinary ...
The potential virtual temperature , defined by. is the theoretical potential temperature of the dry air which would have the same density as the humid air at a standard pressure P 0. It is used as a practical substitute for density in buoyancy calculations. In this definition is the potential temperature, is the mixing ratio of water vapor, and ...
1.365. In thermal physics and thermodynamics, the heat capacity ratio, also known as the adiabatic index, the ratio of specific heats, or Laplace's coefficient, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure ( CP) to heat capacity at constant volume ( CV ). It is sometimes also known as the isentropic expansion factor and is denoted by ...
The carbon equivalent is a measure of the tendency of the weld to form martensite on cooling and to suffer brittle fracture. When the carbon equivalent is between 0.40 and 0.60 weld preheat may be necessary. When the carbon equivalent is above 0.60, preheat is necessary, postheat may be necessary. The following carbon equivalent formula is used ...
For example, such a regulation might limit the concentration of NOx to 55 ppmv in a dry combustion exhaust gas corrected to 3 volume percent O 2. As another example, a regulation might limit the concentration of particulate matter to 0.1 grain per standard cubic foot (i.e., scf) of dry exhaust gas corrected to 12 volume percent CO 2.
Carbon tetrachloride was the first chlorinated solvent to be used in dry-cleaning and was used until the 1950s. [45] It had the downsides of being corrosive to the dry-cleaning equipment and causing illness among dry-cleaning operators, and was replaced by trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene [45] and methyl chloroform (trichloroethane). [46]
Dry chemical powder is used on all classes of fires. Dry chemical powder puts out the fire by coating the burning material with a thin layer of dust, thereby separating the fuel from the oxygen in the air. The powder also works to interrupt the chemical reaction of fire, so these extinguishers are extremely effective at putting out the fire.