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Application layer. An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared communication protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. [ 1] An application layer abstraction is specified in both the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the OSI model. [ 2] Although both models use the same term for ...
The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the set of communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria. The foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and the Internet ...
Protocol stack of the OSI model. The protocol stack or network stack is an implementation of a computer networking protocol suite or protocol family. Some of these terms are used interchangeably but strictly speaking, the suite is the definition of the communication protocols, and the stack is the software implementation of them. [1]
Network architecture. Network architecture is the design of a computer network. It is a framework for the specification of a network's physical components and their functional organization and configuration, its operational principles and procedures, as well as communication protocols used. In telecommunication, the specification of a network ...
Remote procedure call. In distributed computing, a remote procedure call ( RPC) is when a computer program causes a procedure (subroutine) to execute in a different address space (commonly on another computer on a shared computer network ), which is written as if it were a normal (local) procedure call, without the programmer explicitly writing ...
Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers. 7. Application layer. 6. Presentation layer. 5. Session layer. 4. Transport layer.
Internet Standard. In computer network engineering, an Internet Standard is a normative specification of a technology or methodology applicable to the Internet. Internet Standards are created and published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). They allow interoperation of hardware and software from different sources which allows ...
In networking equipment configuration, a term-of-art distinction is often drawn: The term protocol strictly refers to the transport layer, and the term service refers to protocols utilizing a protocol for transport. In the common case of TCP and UDP, services are distinguished by port numbers.