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  2. Electrical steel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_steel

    Electrical steel can be delivered in a semi-processed state so that, after punching the final shape, a final heat treatment can be applied to form the normally required 150-micrometer grain size. Fully processed electrical steel is usually delivered with an insulating coating, full heat treatment, and defined magnetic properties, for ...

  3. Grain growth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_growth

    Grain growth. In materials science, grain growth is the increase in size of grains ( crystallites) in a material at high temperature. This occurs when recovery and recrystallisation are complete and further reduction in the internal energy can only be achieved by reducing the total area of grain boundary. The term is commonly used in metallurgy ...

  4. Grain size - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_size

    Wentworth grain size chart from United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1195: Note size typos; 33.1mm is 38.1 & .545mm is .594 Beach cobbles at Nash Point, South Wales Grain size (or particle size ) is the diameter of individual grains of sediment , or the lithified particles in clastic rocks .

  5. Recrystallization (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recrystallization_(metallurgy)

    The mechanism of secondary recrystallization is a small and uniform primary grain size, achieved through the inhibition of normal grain growth by fine precipitates called inhibitors. [2] Goss grains are named in honor of Norman P. Goss, the inventor of grain-oriented electrical steel circa 1934.

  6. High-strength low-alloy steel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-strength_low-alloy_steel

    Microalloyed steels: Steels which contain very small additions of niobium, vanadium, and/or titanium to obtain a refined grain size and/or precipitation hardening. A common type of micro-alloyed steel is improved-formability HSLA. It has a yield strength up to 80,000 psi (550 MPa) but costs only 24% more than A36 steel (36,000 psi (250 MPa)).

  7. Annealing (materials science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annealing_(materials_science)

    For many alloys, including carbon steel, the crystal grain size and phase composition, which ultimately determine the material properties, are dependent on the heating rate and cooling rate. Hot working or cold working after the annealing process alters the metal structure, so further heat treatments may be used to achieve the properties required.

  8. Steel grades - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_grades

    2.1 Category 1 : steel specified by purpose of use and mechanical properties. 2.1.1 Additional symbols. ... for normal grain oriented products P: 1.7 T @50 Hz

  9. Grain boundary strengthening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_boundary_strengthening

    Once the grain size reaches about 10 nanometres (3.9 × 10 −7 in), grain boundaries start to slide. In materials science, grain-boundary strengthening (or Hall–Petch strengthening) is a method of strengthening materials by changing their average crystallite (grain) size.