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Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of letters, symbols, etc., especially by sight or touch. [1] [2] [3] [4]For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.
The optimal development of children is considered vital to society and it is important to understand the social, cognitive, emotional, and educational development of children. Increased research and interest in this field has resulted in new theories and strategies, especially with regard to practices that promote development within the school ...
Emergent literacies. Emergent literacy is a term that is used to explain a child's knowledge of reading and writing skills before they learn how to read and write words. [ 1] It signals a belief that, in literate society, young children—even one- and two-year-olds—are in the process of becoming literate. [ 2]
It starts when the child begins to learn to speak and lasts up until the age of seven. During the pre-operational stage of cognitive development, Piaget noted that children do not yet understand concrete logic and cannot mentally manipulate information. [38] Children's increase in playing and pretending takes place in this stage.
Reading comprehensionis the ability to process written text, understandits meaning, and to integrate with what the reader already knows. [1][2][3][4]Reading comprehensionrelies on two abilities that are connected to each other: word reading and language comprehension.[5] Comprehension specifically is a "creative, multifaceted process" that is ...
Social emotional development represents a specific domain of child development. It is a gradual, integrative process through which children acquire the capacity to understand, experience, express, and manage emotions and to develop meaningful relationships with others. [ 1] As such, social emotional development encompasses a large range of ...
Visual literacy is the ability to interpret, negotiate, and make meaning from information presented in the form of an image, extending the meaning of literacy, which commonly signifies interpretation of a written or printed text. Visual literacy is based on the idea that pictures can be "read" and that meaning can be discovered through a ...
Biological, legal and social definitions. Children playing ball games, Roman artwork, 2nd century AD. In the biological sciences, a child is usually defined as a person between birth and puberty, [ 1][ 2] or between the developmental period of infancy and puberty. [ 3] Legally, the term child may refer to anyone below the age of majority or ...