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The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbolsdevised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
A pronunciation respelling for English is a notation used to convey the pronunciation of words in the English language, which do not have a phonemic orthography (i.e. the spelling does not reliably indicate pronunciation). There are two basic types of pronunciation respelling:
The following tables present pulmonic and non-pulmonic consonants. In the IPA, a pulmonic consonant is a consonant made by obstructing the glottis (the space between the vocal cords) or oral cavity (the mouth) and either simultaneously or subsequently letting out air from the lungs. Pulmonic consonants make up the majority of consonants in the ...
The official chart of the IPA, revised in 2020. The International Phonetic Alphabet ( IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. [ 1]
Within the chart “close”, “open”, “mid”, “front”, “central”, and “back” refer to the placement of the sound within the mouth. [ 3] At points where two sounds share an intersection, the left is unrounded, and the right is rounded which refers to the shape of the lips while making the sound. [ 4] IPA: Vowels. Front. Central.
For the distinction between [ ], / / and , see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. Phonetic transcription (also known as phonetic script or phonetic notation) is the visual representation of speech sounds (or phones) by means of symbols. The most common type of phonetic transcription uses a phonetic alphabet, such as the International ...
Spectrogram of ʊ Sagittal section of a vocal tract pronouncing the IPA sound ʊ. Note that a wavy glottis in this diagram indicates a voiced sound. The near-close near-back rounded vowel, or near-high near-back rounded vowel, [1] is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The IPA symbol that represents this sound is ʊ . It is ...
For non-Englishpronunciations, a phonetic transcriptionis normally used, with a link to Help:IPAor to various language-specific IPA keys. If phonemictranscriptions are used, these require a link to a description of the phonologyof the language in question, as otherwise the symbols used may be ambiguous.