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Cas9 (or "CRISPR-associated protein 9") is an enzyme that uses CRISPR sequences as a guide to recognize and open up specific strands of DNA that are complementary to the CRISPR sequence. Cas9 enzymes together with CRISPR sequences form the basis of a technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to edit genes within living organisms.
Synthetic guide RNA is a chimera of crRNA and tracrRNA; therefore, this discovery demonstrated that the CRISPR-Cas9 technology could be used to edit the genome with relative ease. [22] Researchers worldwide have employed this method successfully to edit the DNA sequences of plants, animals, and laboratory cell lines. Since its discovery, CRISPR ...
In 2012 and 2013, CRISPR was a runner-up in Science Magazine's Breakthrough of the Year award. In 2015, it was the winner of that award. [198] CRISPR was named as one of MIT Technology Review ' s 10 breakthrough technologies in 2014 and 2016.
The CRISPR system created a new straightforward way to edit DNA and there was a rush to patent the technique. [6] Doudna and UC Berkeley collaborators applied for a patent and so did a group at the Broad Institute affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard. [ 47 ]
Francisco Juan Martínez Mojica [a] (born 5 October 1963) is a Spanish molecular biologist and microbiologist at the University of Alicante in Spain.He is known for his discovery of repetitive, functional DNA sequences in bacteria which he named CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats).
He was born in Xinhua County, Loudi City, Hunan, in 1984. [10]He Jiankui attended the University of Science and Technology of China for undergraduate studies from 2002 to 2006, and graduated with a major in modern physics in 2006. [10]
Jo Zayner (formerly Josiah Zayner; alternatively Josie; born February 8, 1981) is a biohacker, artist, and scientist best known for their self-experimentation and work making hands-on genetic engineering accessible to a lay audience, including CRISPR.
Qi obtained his B.S. in physics and math from Tsinghua University, [1] China, Master in physics from UC Berkeley, and PhD in bioengineering from UC Berkeley. [2] During his PhD work at Berkeley, he studied synthetic biology with Adam Arkin, and was the first to explore engineering the CRISPR for targeted gene editing and gene regulation with Jennifer Doudna. [3]