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Hairy cell leukemia is an uncommon hematological malignancy characterized by an accumulation of abnormal B lymphocytes. [1] The incidence of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is 0.28-0.30 cases per 100,000 people in Europe and the United States and the prevalence is 3 cases per 100,000 in Europe with a lower prevalence in Asia, Africa and the Middle East.
The myeloid cell line normally produces granulocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes, macrophages and mast cells; the lymphoid cell line produces B, T, NK and plasma cells. Lymphomas, lymphocytic leukemias, and myeloma are from the lymphoid line, while acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative diseases ...
Epstein–Barr virus–associated aggressive NK cell leukemia (EBV+ ANKL) is a rare NK cell malignancy that occurs most often in Asians and young to middle-aged adults. It sometimes evolves directly from other NK cell proliferative disorders such as, particularly in younger individuals, chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV). [1]
Symptoms can include swollen but painless lymph nodes, unexplained fever, and unintended weight loss. [2] There are several subtypes, the most common of which is follicular lymphoma. Others include cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and Waldenström macroglobulinemia. [2]
CLL has also been reported to convert into other more aggressive diseases such as lymphoblastic lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, high grade T cell lymphomas, [25] acute myeloid leukemia, [26] lung cancer, brain cancer, melanoma of the eye or skin, [27] [28] salivary gland tumors, and Kaposi's sarcomas. [29]
Progression to acute leukemia or severe lymphoma is rarer but does happen, though it can sometimes be treated. Richter's transformation (RT), also known as Richter's syndrome , is the conversion of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or its variant, small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), into a new and more aggressively malignant disease. [ 1 ]
The T cell variations are usually caused by the prolonged use of T cell suppressant drugs, such as sirolimus, tacrolimus, or ciclosporin. [2] The Epstein-Barr virus , which infects >90% of the world population, is also a common cause of these disorders, being responsible for a wide range of non-malignant, pre-malignant, and malignant Epstein ...
A B-cell leukemia is any of several types of lymphoid leukemia which affect B cells. [1] Types include (with ICD-O code): [citation needed] 9823/3 - B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma; 9826/3 - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, mature B-cell type; 9833/3 - B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia; 9835/3-9836/3 - Precursor B ...