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The cam can be seen as a device that converts rotational motion to reciprocating (or sometimes oscillating) motion. [clarification needed] [3] A common example is the camshaft of an automobile, which takes the rotary motion of the engine and converts it into the reciprocating motion necessary to operate the intake and exhaust valves of the cylinders.
From the geometry shown in the diagram above, the following variables are defined: rod length (distance between piston pin and crank pin) crank radius (distance between crank center and crank pin, i.e. half stroke) crank angle (from cylinder bore centerline at TDC)
The balance shaft runs off the small gear on the left (the large gear is for the camshaft, causing it to rotate at half the speed of the crankshaft). Balance shafts are often used in inline-four engines , to reduce the second-order vibration (a vertical force oscillating at twice the engine RPM ) that is inherent in the design of a typical ...
A camshaft operating two valves. A camshaft is a shaft that contains a row of pointed cams in order to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion.Camshafts are used in piston engines (to operate the intake and exhaust valves), [1] [2] mechanically controlled ignition systems and early electric motor speed controllers.
A free body diagram is not a scaled drawing, it is a diagram. The symbols used in a free body diagram depends upon how a body is modeled. [6] Free body diagrams consist of: A simplified version of the body (often a dot or a box) Forces shown as straight arrows pointing in the direction they act on the body
The cam's shape determines the piston's stroke length, timing, and speed. These factors directly influence the engine's performance characteristics. In a cam engine, the cam is connected to a drive mechanism, usually a shaft. This shaft rotates the cam at a specific speed. The rotation of the cam is synchronized with the engine's combustion cycle.
A cam and follower mechanism uses the shape of the cam to guide the movement of the follower by direct contact. Kinematic synthesis of a cam and follower mechanism consists of finding the shape of the cam that guides a particular follower through the required movement. [15] Examples of cams with a knife edge, a roller and a flat-faced follower
In four-stroke cycle engines and some two-stroke cycle engines, the valve timing is controlled by the camshaft. It can be varied by modifying the camshaft, or it can be varied during engine operation by variable valve timing. It is also affected by the adjustment of the valve mechanism, and particularly by the tappet clearance.