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Exudative pleural effusions occur when the pleura is damaged, e.g., by trauma, infection, or malignancy, and transudative pleural effusions develop when there is either excessive production of pleural fluid or the resorption capacity is reduced. Light's criteria [11] can be used to differentiate between exudative and transudative pleural effusions.
A parapneumonic effusion is a type of pleural effusion (accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity) that arises as a result of a pneumonia, lung abscess, or bronchiectasis. [1] There are three types of parapneumonic effusions: uncomplicated effusions, complicated effusions, and empyema. Uncomplicated effusions generally respond well to ...
Pleural effusions are classified as exudative (high protein) or transudative (low protein). Exudative pleural effusions are generally caused by infections such as pneumonia (parapneumonic pleural effusion), malignancy, granulomatous disease such as tuberculosis or coccidioidomycosis, collagen vascular diseases, and other inflammatory states.
Hepatic hydrothorax is a rare form of pleural effusion that occurs in people with liver cirrhosis. It is defined as an effusion of over 500 mL in people with liver cirrhosis that is not caused by heart, lung, or pleural disease. It is found in 5–10% of people with liver cirrhosis and 2–3% of people with pleural effusions.
(See below for difference between transudate and exudate) Malignant (or cancerous) pleural effusion is effusion where cancer cells are present. [11] It is usually classified as exudate. Types of exudates: serous, serosanguineous, sanguineous, hemorrhaging and purulent drainage. Serous: Clear straw colored liquid that drains from the wound.
Hydrothorax is the synonym of pleural effusion in which fluid accumulates in the pleural cavity. This condition is most likely to develop secondary to congestive heart failure, following an increase in hydrostatic pressure within the lungs. More rarely, hydrothorax can develop in 10% of patients with ascites which is called hepatic hydrothorax ...
Transudate: Exudate: Main causes ↑ hydrostatic pressure, ↓ colloid osmotic pressure: Inflammation-Increased vascular permeability: Appearance: Clear [1] Cloudy [1] Specific gravity < 1.012 > 1.020 Protein content < 2.5 g/dL > 2.9 g/dL [2] fluid protein/ serum protein < 0.5 > 0.5 [3] SAAG = Serum [albumin] - Effusion [albumin] > 1.2 g/dL < 1 ...
Transudate is extravascular fluid with low protein content and a low specific gravity (< 1.012). It has low nucleated cell counts (less than 500 to 1000 per microliter) and the primary cell types are mononuclear cells: macrophages, lymphocytes and mesothelial cells. For instance, an ultrafiltrate of blood plasma is transudate.