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A flag officer is a commissioned officer in a nation's armed forces senior enough to be entitled to fly a flag to mark the position from which that officer exercises command.
The British Army and Royal Marines use the terms "officers of field rank" or "field officers" to refer to the ranks of major, lieutenant colonel, colonel and brigadier.The term "senior officer" is used for the ranks of lieutenant commander, commander, captain and commodore in the Royal Navy, and squadron leader, wing commander and group captain in the Royal Air Force.
In the British Army, the senior subaltern rank was captain-lieutenant, obsolete since the 18th century.Before the Cardwell Reforms of the British Army in 1871, the ranks of cornet and ensign [2] were the junior subaltern ranks in the cavalry and infantry respectively, and were responsible for the flag. [3]
Lieutenant colonels added an oak leaf of silver, captains two bars of gold, and first lieutenants one bar of gold. The bars on the epaulets were silver for contrast. For majors, the shoulder strap contained an oak leaf, but like the second lieutenant, the epaulet had no grade insignia.
In non-English speaking countries, they are usually numbered. [citation needed] In most Commonwealth armies a company is commanded by a major, assisted by a captain. A lieutenant colonel or equivalent rank commands a battalion or a squadron, often consisting of four companies, plus the various members of his headquarters. A battalion is around ...
Major is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. When used unhyphenated and in conjunction with no other indicators, major is one rank above captain in armies and air forces, and one rank below lieutenant colonel.
The word lieutenant derives from French; the lieu meaning "place" as in a position (cf. in lieu of); and tenant meaning "holding" as in "holding a position"; thus a "lieutenant" is a placeholder for a superior, during their absence (compare the Latin locum tenens).
LT – Lieutenant; LTC or Lt Col or LtCol– Lieutenant Colonel (U.S. Army, U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Air Force) LTG or Lt Gen or LtGen – Lieutenant General (U.S. Army, U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Air Force) LTJG – Lieutenant, Junior Grade (U.S. Navy) LRIP – Low-Rate Initial Production; LUP – Lying-Up Point; LZ – Landing Zone