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The Required NPSH (NPSH R): the head value at the suction side (e.g. the inlet of a pump) required to keep the fluid away from cavitating (provided by the manufacturer). NPSH is particularly relevant inside centrifugal pumps and turbines , which are parts of a hydraulic system that are most vulnerable to cavitation.
Where is the net positive suction head and is the hydraulic head developed by the pump. The fluid will cavitate in the suction of the pump if the Thoma number is smaller than the critical cavitation parameter or the critical Thoma number defined as
Suction cavitation is often identified by a sound like gravel or marbles in the pump casing. Common causes of suction cavitation can include clogged filters, pipe blockage on the suction side, poor piping design, pump running too far right on the pump curve, or conditions not meeting NPSH (net positive suction head) requirements. [46]
Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) is crucial for pump performance. It has two key aspects: 1) NPSHr (Required): The Head required for the pump to operate without cavitation issues. 2) NPSHa (Available): The actual pressure provided by the system (e.g., from an overhead tank). For optimal pump operation, NPSHa must always exceed NPSHr.
NPSH represents the head (pressure and gravity head) of liquid in the suction line of the pump that will overcome the friction along the suction line. NPSHR is the amount of liquid pressure required at the intake port of a pre-designed and manufactured pump. This is known as NPSHR (Net Positive Suction Head Required).
Cavitation—the net positive suction head of the system is too low for the selected pump; Wear of the impeller—can be worsened by suspended solids or cavitation; Corrosion inside the pump caused by the fluid properties; Overheating due to low flow; Leakage along rotating shaft.
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NPSH(R) – net-positive suction head (required) NPT – Non-Productive Time (used during drilling or well intervention operations mainly, malfunction of equipment or the lack of personnel competencies that result in loss of time, which is costly) NPV – net present value; NRB – not required back; NRPs – non-rotating protectors