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Lakota (Lakȟótiyapi [laˈkˣɔtɪjapɪ]), also referred to as Lakhota, Teton or Teton Sioux, is a Siouan language spoken by the Lakota people of the Sioux tribes. Lakota is mutually intelligible with the two dialects of the Dakota language, especially Western Dakota, and is one of the three major varieties of the Sioux language.
The 'Battiste Good winter count' records Lakota history to 900 CE when White Buffalo Calf Woman gave the Lakota people the White Buffalo Calf Pipe. [ 7 ] Siouan language speakers may have originated in the lower Mississippi River region and then migrated to or originated in the Ohio Valley .
Globally, there are currently only 2,000 Lakota language speakers, and fewer than 1,000 at Pine Ridge. [117] The age of the average Lakota speaker is 60, making it a "critically endangered" language. [118] [119] In the fall of 2012, a new program was founded to combat the loss of the language and create a young generation of fluent Lakota speakers.
Map of the reservation from 1900 Woman drying food on an outdoor rack in the 1930s. The Treaty of Fort Laramie of 1868 created the Great Sioux Reservation, a single reservation covering parts of six states, including both of the Dakotas. Subsequent treaties in the 1870s and 1880s broke this reservation up into several smaller reservations.
The Western Siouan languages, also called Siouan proper or simply Siouan, [1] are a large language family native to North America. They are closely related to the Catawban languages , sometimes called Eastern Siouan, and together with them constitute the Siouan (Siouan–Catawban) language family.
Sitting Bull, a Hunkpapa Lakota leader, was one of the principal Sioux leaders. View of canyon at Wounded Knee, dead horses and Lakota bodies are visible. Opening of portion of Great Sioux reservation between White and Cheyenne rivers. Messiah war. Sitting Bull killed. Battle of Wounded Knee. Pine Ridge Campaign, 1890–1891
Members of the Lakota, a part of them "Ankpapat", were the first Native Americans to fight in the American Indian Wars alongside US forces west of the Missouri. [2] They may have formed as a tribe within the Lakota relatively recently, as the first mention of the Hunkpapa in European-American historical records was from a treaty of 1825.
The Eastern and Western Dakota are two of the three groupings belonging to the Sioux nation (also called Dakota in a broad sense), the third being the Lakota (Thítȟuŋwaŋ or Teton). The three groupings speak dialects that are still relatively mutually intelligible. This is referred to as a common language, Dakota-Lakota, or Sioux. [4]