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An ion pump (also referred to as a sputter ion pump) is a type of vacuum pump which operates by sputtering a metal getter. Under ideal conditions, ion pumps are capable of reaching pressures as low as 10 −11 mbar. [1] An ion pump first ionizes gas within the vessel it is attached to and employs a strong electrical potential, typically 3–7 ...
Diffusion vs. Transport. In biology, an ion transporter is a transmembrane protein that moves ions (or other small molecules) across a biological membrane to accomplish many different biological functions, including cellular communication, maintaining homeostasis, energy production, etc. [1] There are different types of transporters including pumps, uniporters, antiporters, and symporters.
Getter pump or sorption pump In laboratory vacuum systems, the bulk NEG getter is often held in a separate vessel with its own heater, attached to the vacuum system by a valve, so that it can be replaced or renewed when saturated. [8] Ion getter pump Uses a high voltage electrode to ionize the gas
Active transport is essential for various physiological processes, such as nutrient uptake, hormone secretion, and nerve impulse transmission. For example, the sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to pump sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, maintaining a concentration gradient essential for cellular function. Active ...
Powered by ATP, the pump moves sodium and potassium ions in opposite directions, each against its concentration gradient. In a single cycle of the pump, three sodium ions are extruded from and two potassium ions are imported into the cell. Active transport is the movement of a substance across a membrane against its concentration gradient. This ...
(4) The transporter opens to the inside while both the potassium ions and the phosphorylated group leaves it. A transport protein (variously referred to as a transmembrane pump , transporter , escort protein , acid transport protein , cation transport protein , or anion transport protein ) is a protein that serves the function of moving other ...
These pumps are needed to provide the steep electrochemical gradient that allows Ca 2+ to rush into the cytosol when a stimulus signal opens the Ca 2+ channels in the membrane. The pumps are also necessary to actively pump the Ca 2+ back out of the cytoplasm and return the cell to its pre-signal state. [3]
The P-type ATPases, also known as E 1-E 2 ATPases, are a large group of evolutionarily related ion and lipid pumps that are found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. [1] P-type ATPases are α-helical bundle primary transporters named based upon their ability to catalyze auto- (or self-) phosphorylation (hence P) of a key conserved aspartate residue within the pump and their energy source ...