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  2. Inclusion (mineral) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_(mineral)

    In mineralogy, an inclusion is any material trapped inside a mineral during its formation. In gemology , it is an object enclosed within a gemstone or reaching its surface from the interior. [ 1 ] According to James Hutton 's law of inclusions, fragments included in a host rock are older than the host rock itself.

  3. Diamond inclusions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_inclusions

    The timing of mineral crystallization can be used to categorize diamond inclusions into three types: protogenetic, syngenetic, and epigenetic inclusions. [14] Minerals in the protogenetic inclusions were crystallized earlier than the diamond formation. The host diamond encapsulated pre-existing minerals during its crystallization.

  4. Margarite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarite

    It occurs commonly as an alteration product of corundum, andalusite and other aluminous minerals. It has been reported as forming alteration pseudomorphs of chiastolite along with muscovite and paragonite. The margarite in this occurrence forms preferentially along the dark graphite rich inclusions with the chiastolite crystals.

  5. Type specimen (mineralogy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_specimen_(mineralogy)

    In mineralogy, the type specimen, also known as type material, is a reference sample by which a mineral is defined. [1] Similar to the biology type methods, a mineral type specimen is a sample (or in some cases a group of samples) of a mineral to which the scientific name of that mineral is formally attached. In other words, a type specimen is ...

  6. Carbonado - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonado

    Carbonado, commonly known as black diamond, is one of the toughest forms of natural diamond.It is an impure, high-density, micro-porous form of polycrystalline diamond consisting of diamond, graphite, and amorphous carbon, with minor crystalline precipitates filling pores and occasional reduced metal inclusions. [1]

  7. Hornblende - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornblende

    Hornblende is a complex inosilicate series of minerals. [6] It is not a recognized mineral in its own right, but the name is used as a general or field term, to refer to a dark amphibole. Hornblende minerals are common in igneous and metamorphic rocks. The general formula is (Ca,Na) 2−3 (Mg,Fe,Al) 5 (Al,Si) 8 O 22 (OH,F) 2.

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  9. Coffinite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffinite

    Coffinite's chemical formula is U(SiO 4) 1−x (OH) 4x. [6] [15] X-ray powder patterns from samples of coffinite allowed geologists to classify it as a new mineral in 1955. [6]A comparison to the x-ray powder pattern of zircon (ZrSiO 4) and thorite (ThSiO 4) was the basis for this classification. [7]