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Often two level shifters are used, one at each system: A line driver converts from internal logic levels to standard interface line levels; a line receiver converts from interface levels to internal voltage levels. For example, TTL levels are different from those of CMOS. Generally, a TTL output does not rise high enough to be reliably ...
Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) is a logic family built from bipolar junction transistors.Its name signifies that transistors perform both the logic function (the first "transistor") and the amplifying function (the second "transistor"), as opposed to earlier resistor–transistor logic (RTL) and diode–transistor logic (DTL).
This problem was solved by the invention of the 74HCT family of devices that uses CMOS technology but TTL input logic levels. These devices only work with a 5V power supply. They form a replacement for TTL, although HCT is slower than original TTL (HC logic has about the same speed as original TTL).
Although the 7400 series was the first de facto industry standard TTL logic family (i.e. second-sourced by several semiconductor companies), there were earlier TTL logic families such as: Sylvania Universal High-level Logic in 1963 [8] [9] [10] Motorola MC4000 MTTL [11] [12] [13] National Semiconductor DM8000 [14] [better source needed]
In digital electronics, a level shifter, also called level converter or logic level shifter, or voltage level translator, is a circuit used to translate signals from one logic level or voltage domain to another, allowing compatibility between integrated circuits with different voltage requirements, such as TTL and CMOS.
As semiconductor technology has progressed, LVCMOS power supply voltage and interface standards for decreasing voltages have been defined by the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council for digital logic levels lower than 5 volts.
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8-bit level translator (20) SN74GTL2003: 74x2006 1 13-bit GTL to 3.3V TTL level translator open-collector (28) SN74GTL2006: 74x2007 1 12-bit GTL to 3.3V TTL level translator open-collector (28) SN74GTL2007: 74x2010 1 10-bit level translator (24) SN74GTL2010: 74x2014 1 4-bit GTL to TTL transceiver three-state and open-collector (14) SN74GTL2014 ...