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Old Lights and New Lights (c. 1730 – 1740) were terms first used during the First Great Awakening in British North America to describe those that supported the awakening (New Lights) and those who were skeptical of the awakening (Old Lights). [a] [3] [4] River Brethren (1770). Methodist Episcopal Church (1783). Universalist Church of America ...
Church buildings in 18th-century America varied greatly, from the plain, modest buildings in newly settled rural areas to elegant edifices in the prosperous cities on the eastern seaboard. Churches reflected the customs and traditions as well as the wealth and social status of the denominations that built them.
In the eighteenth century, the abolition movement took shape among Christians across the globe, but various denominations did not prohibit slavery among their members into the nineteenth century. Enslaved non-believers were sometimes converted to Christianity , but elements of their traditional beliefs merged with their Christian beliefs.
During the British colonial period, the British substantially influenced Indian society, but India also influenced the western world. An early champion of Indian-inspired thought in the West was Arthur Schopenhauer who in the 1850s advocated ethics based on an "Aryan-Vedic theme of spiritual self-conquest", as opposed to the ignorant drive toward earthly utopianism of the superficially this ...
Around 1857, the American poet-philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson, who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century, studied the Hindu scripture Bhagavad Gita, [39] which is a central text in Hinduism and a synthesis of various strands of Hindu religious thought, including the Vedic concept of dharma (duty, rightful action); samkhya ...
Throughout its history, religious involvement among American citizens has grown since 1776 from 17% of the US population to 62% in 2000. [38] Approximately 35-40 percent of Americans regularly attended religious services from eighteenth-century colonial America up to 1940. [18]
[72] [76] The Christian friar Sebastiao Manrique used the term 'Hindu' in a religious context in 1649. [77] In the 18th century, European merchants and colonists began to refer to the followers of Indian religions collectively as Hindus, in contrast to Mohamedans for groups such as Turks, Mughals and Arabs, who were adherents of Islam.
Nayakanahatti Thipperudra Swamy (c. 15th–c. 16th century), also known as Nayakanahatti Thippeswamy; Nayanmars Saints (700–1000) Neem Karoli Baba [27] (c. late 19th or early 20th century – 11 September 1973) Nigamananda Paramahansa [28] (18 August 1880 – 29 November 1935) Nimbarka [29] (c. 7th century or earlier)