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The first genetically modified crop approved for sale in the U.S. was the FlavrSavr tomato, which had a longer shelf life. [51] First sold in 1994, FlavrSavr tomato production ceased in 1997. [ 111 ] It is no longer on the market.
Commercial sale of genetically modified foods began in 1994, when Calgene first marketed its unsuccessful Flavr Savr delayed-ripening tomato. [4] [5] Most food modifications have primarily focused on cash crops in high demand by farmers such as soybean, maize/corn, canola, and cotton.
Other GM crops grown in 2014 include Alfalfa (862 000 ha), sugar beet (494 000 ha) and papaya (7 475 ha). In Bangladesh a genetically modified eggplant was grown commercially for the first time on 12 ha. [6] The majority of GM crops have been modified to be resistant to selected herbicides, usually a glyphosate or glufosinate based one.
Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303 (1980), was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with whether genetically modified organisms can be patented. [8] The Court held that a living, man-made micro-organism is patentable subject matter as a "manufacture" or "composition of matter" within the meaning of the Patent Act of 1952.
In March 2010, Bulgaria imposed a complete ban on genetically modified crop growing either commercially or for trials. [29] The cabinet of Boyko Borisov initially imposed a five-year moratorium, but later extended this to a permanent ban after widespread public protests against the introduction of genetically modified crops in the country.
GM crops have been the source of international trade disputes and tensions within food-exporting nations over whether introduction of genetically modified crops would endanger exports to other countries. [434] In Canada in 2010, flax exports to Europe were rejected when traces of an experimental GM flax were found in shipments. [435]
Current Roundup Ready crops include soy, corn (maize), canola, [2] sugar beets, [3] cotton, and alfalfa, [4] with wheat [5] still under development. Additional information on Roundup Ready crops is available on the GM Crops List. [6] As of 2005, 87% of U.S. soybean fields were planted with glyphosate resistant varieties. [7] [8]
The USA is the largest commercial grower of genetically modified crops in the world. [16]United States regulatory policy is governed by the Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology [17] This regulatory policy framework that was developed under the Presidency of Ronald Reagan to ensure safety of the public and to ensure the continuing development of the fledgling biotechnology ...