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Patients present with an acute onset of swelling, pain, erythema, prominent tenderness, warmness and limited range of motion in both ankles. [1] [2] Lower legs and heels may also be involved, however the distal parts of feet and toes are usually spared. Patients may also experience high-graded fever, pitting edema and hypotension.
Podoconiosis causes bilateral yet asymmetrical leg swelling with overlying firm nodules. Early on, symptoms may include itching, tingling, widening of the forefoot, and swelling which then progress to soft edema, skin fibrosis, papillomatosis, and nodule formation resembling moss, giving rise to the disease's alternate name of "mossy foot" in some regions of the world. [3]
Bilateral lower extremity inflammatory lymphedema (BLEIL) is a distinct type of lymphedema occurring in a setting of acute and prolonged standing, such as in new recruits during basic training. [28] Possible underlying mechanisms may include venous congestion and inflammatory vasculitis.
Edema may be described as pitting edema, or non-pitting edema. [32] Pitting edema is when, after pressure is applied to a small area, the indentation persists after the release of the pressure. Peripheral pitting edema, as shown in the illustration, is the more common type, resulting from water retention.
Peripheral edema is edema (accumulation of fluid causing swelling) in tissues perfused by the peripheral vascular system, usually in the lower limbs. In the most dependent parts of the body (those hanging distally ), it may be called dependent edema.
The risk of lymphedema exists in 29 percent of patients, where leg swelling typically lasts 2 to 3 months. [14] Lymphedema can be caused by blockages in the lymphatic system, leading to insufficient lymph drainage and fluid build-up in the leg. Though it is incurable, swelling of the leg is usually temporary.
Around 95% of people are better after 7 to 10 days of treatment. [2] Those with diabetes, however, often have worse outcomes. [10] Cellulitis occurred in about 21.2 million people in 2015. [7] In the United States about 2 of every 1,000 people per year have a case affecting the lower leg. [1] Cellulitis in 2015 resulted in about 16,900 deaths ...
An example that illustrates the difference between SP and Stasis Papillomatosis and the histology diagnosis is: "a markedly obese, 41-year-old Japanese man who had suffered from psoriasis vulgaris for several years visited hospital with elephantiasis-like swelling of his lower legs of three months' duration.
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