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The new colony was formally proclaimed as the Colony of New South Wales on 7 February. [27] The colony included all of Australia eastward of the meridian of 135° East. This included more than half of mainland Australia and reflected the line of division between the claims of Spain and Portugal established in the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494. [28]
In 1829, the Swan River colony was established at the sites of modern Fremantle and Perth, becoming the first convict-free and privatised colony in Australia. However, by 1850 there were a little more than 5,000 settlers. The colony accepted convicts from that year because of the acute shortage of labour. [94] [95] Adelaide in 1839. South ...
The Province of South Australia, becoming the state of South Australia; The Colony of Tasmania, becoming the state of Tasmania; The Colony of Victoria, becoming the state of Victoria; The Colony of Western Australia, becoming the state of Western Australia; Parliament met in Melbourne until the federal capital could be built. [40] 1 September 1906
Peers of the Realm have been associated with Australia since early in its history as a British settlement. Many peers served as governors of the Australian colonies (states following Federation), and in the days when the practice of appointing British governors-general was current, the great majority were peers.
Port Jackson. The European settlement of Australia began on 26 January 1788 at Port Jackson (modern Sydney, New South Wales), when the First Fleet arrived with more than 1,000 convicts, marines and a few free settlers, plus a vast quantity of stores to establish a penal colony in New South Wales.
Australian government debt, about $963 billion in June 2022, exceeds 45.1% of the country's total GDP, and is the world's eighth-highest. [263] Australia had the second-highest level of household debt in the world in 2020, after Switzerland. [264] Its house prices are among the highest in the world, especially in the large urban areas. [265]
The Australian Capital Territory and Western Australia have a higher HDI value than Switzerland (0.967), the highest-ranked country in the world. As of 2022, the Australian Capital Territory has the equal fourth highest HDI rating of any sub-national region in the world, behind only the Canton of Zurich , the Region of London , the Akershus and ...
The Colony of New South Wales was a colony of the British Empire from 1788 to 1901, when it became a State of the Commonwealth of Australia.At its greatest extent, the colony of New South Wales included the present-day Australian states of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania, and South Australia, the Northern Territory as well as New Zealand.