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NDEC began in The University of Manchester in 1987. Formerly called Drug Misuse Research Unit, it "has developed into an academic research and information centre concerned with understanding the extent and nature of drug/ alcohol problems in communities in the context of public health, alongside evaluation of risk prevention and intervention responses, and has been responsible for the ...
Harmful use of alcohol has been identified as a global health issue, and its management is a priority in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. [84] In 2018, WHO launched the initiative SAFER, to decrease the number of deaths, diseases and injuries caused by alcohol misuse. It has been developed to address the regional, country and global ...
The CAGE questionnaire, the name of which is an acronym of its four questions, is a widely used screening test for problem drinking and potential alcohol problems.The questionnaire takes less than one minute to administer, [1] and is often used in primary care or other general settings as a quick screening tool rather than as an in-depth interview for those who have alcoholism.
Its formation came as a result of the reorganisation of the National Health Service (NHS) in England outlined in the Health and Social Care Act 2012. It took on the role of the Health Protection Agency, the National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse and a number of other health bodies. [4]
Alcohol misuse costs the United Kingdom's National Health Service £3 billion per year. The cost to employers is 6.4 billion pounds sterling per year. These figures do not include the crime and social problems associated with alcohol misuse. The number of women regularly drinking alcohol has almost caught up with men. [104]
Chronic alcohol misuse and kindling via multiple alcohol withdrawals may lead to permanent alterations in the GABA A receptors. [27] The mechanism behind kindling is sensitization of some neuronal systems and desensitization of other neuronal systems which leads to increasingly gross neurochemical imbalances.
Alcohol is a major risk factor for self-harm. [229] Individuals with anxiety disorders who self-medicate with drugs or alcohol may also have an increased likelihood of suicidal ideation. [230] Increased risk of developing alcohol dependency or abuse in individuals with a given mental health disorder relative to those without.
The level of ethanol consumption that minimizes the risk of disease, injury, and death is subject to some controversy. [16] Several studies have found a J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and health, [17] [18] [2] [19] meaning that risk is minimized at a certain (non-zero) consumption level, and drinking below or above this level increases risk, with the risk level of drinking a ...