Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Toluene is widely used in the paint, dye, rubber, chemical, glue, printing, and pharmaceutical industries as a solvent. [38] Nail polish, paintbrush cleaners, and stain removers may contain toluene. Manufacturing of explosives (TNT) uses it as well. Toluene is also found in cigarette smoke and car exhaust.
In the petroleum refining and petrochemical industries, the initialism BTX refers to mixtures of benzene, toluene, and the three xylene isomers, all of which are aromatic hydrocarbons. The xylene isomers are distinguished by the designations ortho – (or o –), meta – (or m –), and para – (or p –) as indicated in the adjacent diagram.
Structure and properties Index of refraction, n D: 1.4969 at 20 °C Abbe number? Dielectric constant, ε r: 2.379 ε 0 at 25 °C Bond strength? Bond length? Bond angle? Magnetic susceptibility? Surface tension: 28.52 dyn/cm at 25 °C Viscosity [1]
The simplest member, toluene (or methylbenzene), has the hydrogen atom of the benzene ring replaced by a methyl group. The chemical formula of alkylbenzenes is C n H 2n-6. [2] Safety hazards of toluene. Oftentimes, toluene is used as an organic solvent.
Ethyltoluene is produced by ethylation of toluene: CH 3 C 6 H 5 + C 2 H 4 → CH 3 C 6 H 4 C 2 H 5. Over typical acid catalysts, this process gives a mixture of the 2-, 3-, and 4- isomers. Using a modified zeolite catalyst, the alkylation is shape-selective for the 4- isomer. [1] 4-Ethyltoluene is subjected dehydrogenation to give 4 ...
Structures of the three isomers of tolyl group. In organic chemistry, tolyl groups are functional groups related to toluene. [1] They have the general formula CH 3 C 6 H 4 −R, the change of the relative position of the methyl and the R substituent on the aromatic ring can generate three possible structural isomers 1,2 (ortho), 1,3 (meta), and 1,4 (para).
Original file (1,650 × 1,275 pixels, file size: 665 KB, MIME type: application/pdf, 2 pages) This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons . Information from its description page there is shown below.
Ethyltoluenes are prepared by alkylation of toluene with ethylene: CH 3 C 6 H 5 + CH 2 =CH 2 → CH 3 C 6 H 4 CH 2 CH 3. These alkylations are catalyzed by various Lewis acids, such as aluminium trichloride. 3- and 4-Ethyltoluenes are mainly of interest as precursors to methylstyrenes: CH 3 C 6 H 4 CH 2 CH 3 → CH 3 C 6 H 4 CH=CH 2 + H 2