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Particular medications can result in MRONJ, a serious but uncommon side effect in certain individuals. Such medications are frequently used to treat diseases that cause bone resorption such as osteoporosis, or to treat cancer. The main groups of drugs involved are anti-resorptive drugs, and anti-angiogenic drugs.
The first stage is an oedema of the bone marrow initiated by a bone infarct, which is itself modulated by numerous causes, leading to myelofibrosis as a result of hypoxia and gradual loss of bone density characteristic of ischaemic osteoporosis. Further deterioration can be triggered by additional bone infarcts leading to anoxia and localized ...
Anticoagulants – long-term use of heparin is associated with a decrease in bone density, [79] and warfarin (and related coumarins) have been linked with an increased risk in osteoporotic fracture in long-term use. [80] Proton pump inhibitors – these drugs inhibit the production of stomach acid; this is thought to interfere with calcium ...
However, long term use of these causes resorption, degrading the bone to raise blood calcium. [1] Consequently, these drugs have been researched for the treatment of osteoporosis, [2] [3] [4] though with only limited success. [5]
A number of diseases can cause bone pain, including the following: Endocrine, such as hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis, kidney failure. [7]Gastrointestinal or systemic, such as celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (both often occur without obvious digestive symptoms), inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis).
Long-term treatment with bisphosphonates produces anti-fracture and bone mineral density effects that persist for 3–5 years after an initial 3–5 years of treatment. [2] The bisphosphonate alendronate reduces the risk of hip, vertebral, and wrist fractures by 35-39%; zoledronate reduces the risk of hip fractures by 38% and of vertebral ...
1. Pancreatitis. Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) was reported in clinical trials on Ozempic. But the results weren’t conclusive. If pancreatitis is indeed a risk, it seems to be ...
To prevent steroid-induced osteoporosis, the steroid dose and duration should be as low and as short as possible. All patients on long term glucocorticoids (≥3 months) should be encouraged to do weightbearing exercise, avoid smoking and excess alcohol and take fall prevention measures. Daily calcium and vitamin d intake should be sufficient.