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Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969), is a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court interpreting the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. [1] The Court held that the government cannot punish inflammatory speech unless that speech is "directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action".
King v. Smith; Levy v. Louisiana; Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968) - Amicus curiae for John W. Terry; Washington v. Lee; 1969 Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969) - represented Clarence Brandenburg; Gregory v. Chicago; Street v. New York; Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 393 U.S. 503 (1969) - represented the ...
Hess v. Indiana, 414 U.S. 105 (1973), was a United States Supreme Court case [1] involving the First Amendment that reaffirmed and clarified the imminent lawless action test first articulated in Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969). Hess is still cited by courts to protect speech threatening future lawless action. [2]
Brandenburg clarified what constituted a "clear and present danger", the standard established by Schenck v. United States (1919), and overruled Whitney v. California (1927), which had held that speech that merely advocated violence could be made illegal.
Brief of Amici Curiae Senators John McCain, Lindsey Graham, and Kelly Ayotte ... Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579, 635-37 (1952) (Jackson, J., concur-ring). And ...
The First Amendment holding in Schenck was later partially overturned by Brandenburg v. Ohio in 1969, in which the Supreme Court held that "the constitutional guarantees of free speech and free press do not permit a State to forbid or proscribe advocacy of the use of force or of law violation except where such advocacy is directed to inciting ...
An Ohio federal judge dismissed the case last year, saying she had not shown the "background circumstances" to support her discrimination claim. The 6th Circuit upheld that decision last December.
In Ohio, statewide ballot measures with a vote margin of 0.25% or less are subject to an automatic recount. Voters may also request and pay for recounts for contests with a larger vote margin.