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7.62×54mmR is widely available both as military surplus and new production, but less so for match-grade rounds. Most surplus ammunition is steel-cased and uses Berdan primers, which effectively hinders its use for handloading.
The below table gives a list of firearms that can fire the 7.62×54mmR cartridge. The cartridge was originally developed for the Mosin–Nagant rifle and introduced in 1891 by the Russian Empire. It was the service cartridge of the late Tsarist era and throughout the Soviet period to the present-day Russia and other countries as well.
Ots-27-7 (7.62×25mm Tokarev) Russia OTs-33 Pernach: 9×18mm Makarov: 1996-present designed to replace the Stechkin APS in various special OMON units, the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, and other paramilitary units Russia GSh-18: 9×19mm Parabellum: 2000–present one of the standard sidearms for all branches of Russian Armed Forces Russia
The civilian headstamp has the "SBR" at 12 o'clock and the caliber at 6 o'clock. On the military headstamp the "SB" is at 12 o'clock and the "R" is at 6 o'clock. It manufactured 7,92mm Mauser and .303 British military ammunition because most of the regional powers used either captured German or Austrian war surplus or British military aid.
By the late 1930s, the Novopodolskiy plant had mastered the full production cycle of the cartridges most needed in the army: rifle (7.62×54mmR) and pistol ammunition. By 1941, the plant had started producing pyrotechnical compounds and, to add to that, six more types of cartridges of calibers 7.62 mm and 12.7 mm.
7.62×53mmR, Finnish design based on the Russian 7.62×54mmR round. 7.62×54mmR , another Russian cartridge, it was first used in the Mosin–Nagant rifle in 1891. The modern versions of the cartridges are now in wide use in numerous world armies as sniper rifles (particularly the SVD family) and machine guns (numerous types, many developed ...
7.62×54mmR lead core, bi-metal copper-steel full metal jacket bullet, polymer-coated steel case, non-corrosive, berdan primed. Note: Around summer 2013, some lots of this cartridge caliber from Romania contained corrosive components , thus the firearm needed to be thoroughly cleaned after each firing session.
The Finnish cartridge 7.62×53mmR is a slightly modified variation of the Russian 7.62×54mmR, and is considered interchangeable with 54R. However, the older version of the Finnish military cartridge was loaded with the S-type bullet that had nominal diameter of .308.