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  2. Molecular genetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_genetics

    Molecular genetics is a branch of biology that addresses how differences in the structures or expression of DNA molecules manifests as variation among organisms. Molecular genetics often applies an "investigative approach" to determine the structure and/or function of genes in an organism's genome using genetic screens.

  3. Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orotidine_5'-phosphate...

    In yeast and bacteria, OMP decarboxylase is a single-function enzyme.However, in mammals, OMP decarboxylase is part of a single protein with two catalytic activities.This bifunctional enzyme is named UMP synthase and it also catalyzes the preceding reaction in pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis, the transfer of ribose 5-phosphate from 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate to orotate to form OMP.

  4. DNA shuffling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_shuffling

    DNA shuffling by molecular breeding was first reported in 1994 by Willem P.C. Stemmer. [1] [7] He started by fragmenting the β-lactamase gene that had been amplified with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by using DNase I, which randomly cleaves DNA.

  5. Gene structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_structure

    Gene structure is the organisation of specialised sequence elements within a gene.Genes contain most of the information necessary for living cells to survive and reproduce. [1] [2] In most organisms, genes are made of DNA, where the particular DNA sequence determines the function of the gene.

  6. Gene mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_mapping

    There are two distinctive mapping approaches used in the field of genome mapping: genetic maps (also known as linkage maps) [7] and physical maps. [3] While both maps are a collection of genetic markers and gene loci, [8] genetic maps' distances are based on the genetic linkage information, while physical maps use actual physical distances usually measured in number of base pairs.

  7. DNA annotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_annotation

    In molecular biology and genetics, DNA annotation or genome annotation is the process of describing the structure and function of the components of a genome, [2] by analyzing and interpreting them in order to extract their biological significance and understand the biological processes in which they participate. [3]

  8. Gene regulatory network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_regulatory_network

    Structure of a gene regulatory network Control process of a gene regulatory network. A gene (or genetic) regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins which, in turn, determine the function of the cell.

  9. One gene–one enzyme hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_gene–one_enzyme...

    In actuality they proved to be the opening gun in what became molecular genetics and all the developments that have followed from that." [ 3 ] The development of the one gene–one enzyme hypothesis is often considered the first significant result in what came to be called molecular biology . [ 4 ]