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  2. Tunnel construction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_construction

    Tunnel Construction. Tunnels are dug in types of materials varying from soft clay to hard rock. The method of tunnel construction depends on such factors as the ground conditions, the ground water conditions, the length and diameter of the tunnel drive, the depth of the tunnel, the logistics of supporting the tunnel excavation, the final use and shape of the tunnel and appropriate risk management.

  3. Cut and fill - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cut_and_fill

    A mass haul diagram where land and rock cuts are hauled to fills Fill construction in 1909 Cut & Fill Software showing cut areas highlighted in red and fill areas shaded in blue. In earthmoving , cut and fill is the process of constructing a railway , road or canal whereby the amount of material from cuts roughly matches the amount of fill ...

  4. Macadam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macadam

    A Frenchman from an engineering family, he worked paving roads in Paris from 1757 to 1764. As chief engineer of road construction of Limoges, he had opportunity to develop a better and cheaper method of road construction. In 1775, Tresaguet became engineer-general and presented his answer for road improvement in France, which soon became ...

  5. Pavement milling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavement_milling

    Asphalt road being milled in preparation for repaving. Pavement milling (cold planing, asphalt milling, or profiling) is the process of removing at least part of the surface of a paved area such as a road, bridge, or parking lot. Milling removes anywhere from just enough thickness to level and smooth the surface to a full depth removal.

  6. Earthworks (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworks_(engineering)

    Heavy construction equipment is usually used due to the amounts of material to be moved — up to millions of cubic metres. Earthwork construction was revolutionized by the development of the scraper and other earth-moving machines such as the loader, the dump truck, the grader, the bulldozer, the backhoe, and the dragline excavator.

  7. Road roller - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_roller

    Caterpillar soil compactor equipped with padfoot drum, being used to compact the ground before placing concrete Antique "Kemna" steamroller. A road roller (sometimes called a roller-compactor, or just roller [1]) is a compactor-type engineering vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations. [1]

  8. List of construction methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Construction_methods

    The list of construction methods covers the processes and techniques used in the construction process. The construction method is essential for civil engineers; utilizing it appropriately can help to achieve the desired results. The term building refers to the creation of physical structures such as buildings, bridges or railways. One of the ...

  9. Rapid bridge replacement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_bridge_replacement

    Then the SPMTs lift the new bridge, transfer it to the work site and put it in place. [1] Often the highway or railroad carried by the bridge is closed for just one weekend. Conventional techniques typically replace half a bridge at a time, with all highway traffic redirected under the other bridge half, often for a year or more, while ...