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All de facto present currencies in Europe, and an incomplete list of the preceding currency, are listed here. In Europe, the most commonly used currency is the euro (used by 26 countries); any country entering the European Union (EU) is expected to join the eurozone [1] when they meet the five convergence criteria. [2]
The markka was added into the ERM system in 1996 and then became a fraction of the euro in 1999, with physical euro money arriving later in 2002. It has been speculated that if Finland had not joined the euro, market fluctuations such as the dot-com bubble would have reflected as wild fluctuations in the price of the markka.
The Mint of Finland has produced the euro coins of Estonia, [2] Greece, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Cyprus and Republic of Ireland [3] as well as the coins of the Swedish crown since 2008, which ended the more than thousand-year-old minting tradition in Sweden. [4] Since 2017 it has also held the contract for minting coins of the Danish krone. [5] [6]
The euro is the result of the European Union's project for economic and monetary union that came fully into being on 1 January 2002 and it is now the currency used by the majority of the European Union's member states, with all but Denmark (which has an opt-out in the EU treaties) bound to adopt it.
Finland, [a] officially the Republic of Finland, [b] [c] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia .
Bank of Finland strong box which moved to Helsinki with the bank when it relocated from Turku Sederholm House [] in Helsinki, the Bank's seat from 1819 to 1824 Government Palace in Helsinki, the Bank's home from 1824 until relocation to its current building in 1883 The Bank's current head office completed in 1883, with statue of J.V. Snellman by sculptor Emil Wikström in front
The alternative to a commodity money system is fiat money which is defined by a central bank and government law as legal tender even if it has no intrinsic value. Originally fiat money was paper currency or base metal coinage, but in modern economies it mainly exists as data such as bank balances and records of credit or debit card purchases, [3] and the fraction that exists as notes and coins ...
Outside Europe, a number of special territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency. Additionally, over 200 million people worldwide use currencies pegged to the euro . The euro is the second-largest reserve currency as well as the second-most traded currency in the world after the United States dollar .