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The Ethiopian Highlands (also called the Abyssinian Highlands) [1] [2] is a rugged mass of mountains in Ethiopia in Northeast Africa. It forms the largest continuous area of its elevation in the continent, with little of its surface falling below 1,500 m (4,900 ft), while the summits reach heights of up to 4,550 m (14,930 ft).
Afro-alpine vegetation occurs at the highest elevations, from 3576 to 4008 meters. It is made up mostly of grasses, herbs, trees, and shrubs, including species of Helichrysum and Alchemilla , interspersed with stands of the giant lobelia Lobelia rhynchopetalum , which is endemic to the Afro-alpine Ethiopian Highlands.
Entoto Natural Park (Amharic: እንጦጦ ፓርክ) is a natural park located northeast of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on the southeastern slopes of Mount Entoto, [1] [2] covering an area of 1,300 hectares. It is situated at an altitude of between 2,600 and 3,100 meters.
These alpine and subalpine plant communities are part of the Ethiopian montane moorlands ecoregion, and the plateau is the largest Afroalpine area in the Ethiopian Highlands. [ 2 ] The Harenna Forest covers the southern slope of the Bale Mountains, below 3250 meters elevation.
At the eastern part of the mountain range, the town of Wandatch (on the Kobo - Lalibela road) is the main entry point to the Abuna Yosef afro-alpine massif. [6] [7] At 3500 m above sea level, it is one of the most elevated towns in Ethiopia. The towns of Muja, Kulmesq and Lalibela are located on the footslopes of the massif.
Bale Mountains National Park is home to almost every highland Abyssinian and Ethiopian endemic. [9] With over 863 species of birds recorded, representing approximately 9.5% of the world's bird diversity and 39% of the bird species in Africa, Ethiopia is often considered one of the most avifaunal-rich countries in Africa.
The table below shows cities and towns with more than 40,000 inhabitants (from the projection for 2016 by using the 2007 census data). [1] [2] The population numbers are referring to the inhabitants of the cities themselves, suburbs and the metropolitan area outside the city area are not taken into account.
The park was established in 1969, having been set up by Clive Nicol, who wrote about his experiences in From the Roof of Africa (1971, ISBN 0 340 14755 5).. The Simien region has been inhabited and cultivated for at least 2,000 years,initially erosion began to reveal that the clearing began at the gentle slope of the highland valley but later expanded to a steep slope.