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Some of Toronto, outside of the pre-1998 city limits, some suburban areas, and the Toronto Islands, fall within the Dfb climate regimen. This difference partly results from the urban heat island effect. Toronto is located in hardiness zone 7a, with decreasing hardiness further away from the downtown core (5b in the suburbs). [2]
Much of the Greater Toronto Area is under Köppen Dfb (warm summer subtype) zone. Old Toronto (excluding the Toronto Islands) and some areas between there and Burlington to the southwest are under the Köppen Dfa climate zone, the hot summer subtype. Precipitation averages 832 mm (32.8 in) annually, which is fairly distributed through the year ...
Topographical map of Toronto. The terrain increases steadily away from the shoreline. The other major geographical feature of Toronto is its escarpments. During the last ice age, the lower part of Toronto was beneath Glacial Lake Iroquois. Today, a series of escarpments mark the lake's former boundary, known as the "Iroquois Shoreline".
The number of climate change–related events, such as the 2021 British Columbia Floods and an increasing number of forest fires, has become an increasing concern over time. [56] Canada's annual average temperature over land warmed by 1.7 °C (3.1 °F) between 1948 and 2016.
The humid subtropical zone of the US South according to Trewartha is coloured yellow-green on this map: If using the Köppen climate classification with the 0 °C coldest-month isotherm, the subtropics extend from Martha's Vineyard, extreme SW Rhode Island, and most of Long Island to central Florida in the eastern states, include the southern ...
Climate data for Toronto WMO ID: 71266; coordinates ; elevation: 112.5 m (369 ft); 1991 ... Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada [1] [2] Notes
The Köppen climate classification system was modified further within the Trewartha climate classification system in 1966 (revised in 1980). The Trewartha system sought to create a more refined middle latitude climate zone, which was one of the criticisms of the Köppen system (the climate group C was too general). [10]: 200–1
Today, the most commonly used climate map is the Köppen climate classification, developed by Russian climatologist of German descent and amateur botanist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940), which divides the world into five major climate regions, based on average annual precipitation, average monthly precipitation, and average monthly temperature.