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A hull is the watertight body of a ship, boat, submarine, or flying boat. The hull may open at the top (such as a dinghy), or it may be fully or partially covered with a deck. Atop the deck may be a deckhouse and other superstructures, such as a funnel, derrick, or mast. The line where the hull meets the water surface is called the waterline.
When three of the four were lost, the tumblehome design was largely abandoned for the remainder of the 20th century. [why?] Another example of tumblehome hull design were the Dutch fluyt, 17th century cargo sailing vessels. Fluyt ships were designed to facilitate transoceanic delivery of cargo with maximum of cargospace and crew efficiency.
The light hull (casing in British usage) of a submarine is the outer non-watertight hull which provides a hydrodynamically efficient shape. The pressure hull is the inner hull of a submarine that maintains structural integrity with the difference between outside and inside pressure at depth.
A Mid-Deck Tanker is a tanker design, which includes an additional deck intended to limit spills if the tanker is damaged. The extra deck is placed at about the middle of the draft of the ship. [citation needed] With double hull tankers, in high energy casualties where both hulls are breached, oil can spill through the double-hull and into the sea.
Ship stability is an area of naval architecture and ship design that deals with how a ship behaves at sea, both in still water and in waves, whether intact or damaged. Stability calculations focus on centers of gravity , centers of buoyancy , the metacenters of vessels, and on how these interact.
Boat building is the design and construction of boats (instead of the larger ships) — and their on-board systems. This includes at minimum the construction of a hull , with any necessary propulsion, mechanical, navigation, safety and other service systems as the craft requires.
The two-chine hull (B), with a flat bottom and nearly vertical sides, was the first hard-chine design to achieve widespread use. This design provides far more stability than the single-chine hull, with minimum draft and a large cargo capacity. These characteristics make the two-chine hull popular for punts, barges, and scows.
The difficult skill of mortising planks at precisely the right angle (where the hull is curved at the turn of the bilges) is avoided. Carvel construction allows hull shape to be determined by design, whilst planking-first relies on the "eye" of the builder. Therefore fewer very highly skilled personnel are needed. [5]: 101