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In control engineering and system identification, a state-space representation is a mathematical model of a physical system that uses state variables to track how inputs shape system behavior over time through first-order differential equations or difference equations. These state variables change based on their current values and inputs, while ...
is the "signal space" – the set in which the variables whose time evolution is modeled take on their values, and B ⊆ W T {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}\subseteq \mathbb {W} ^{\mathbb {T} }} the "behavior" – the set of signals that are compatible with the laws of the system
Example of a simple MDP with three states (green circles) and two actions (orange circles), with two rewards (orange arrows) A Markov decision process is a 4-tuple (,,,), where: is a set of states called the state space. The state space may be discrete or continuous, like the set of real numbers.
Lance et al. discuss how the PAD model can be used to study gaze behavior in animated agents. [13] Zhang et al. describes how the PAD model can be used to assign specific emotions to the faces of avatars. In this approach the PAD model is used as a high-level emotional space, and the lower-level space is the MPEG-4 Facial Animation Parameters ...
A state diagram for a door that can only be opened and closed. A state diagram is used in computer science and related fields to describe the behavior of systems. State diagrams require that the system is composed of a finite number of states. Sometimes, this is indeed the case, while at other times this is a reasonable abstraction.
A simple example is that of vehicles in a tunnel: the rates and velocities at which vehicles enter and leave the tunnel can be observed directly, but the exact state inside the tunnel can only be estimated. If a system is observable, it is possible to fully reconstruct the system state from its output measurements using the state observer.
A block diagram is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks. [1] They are heavily used in engineering in hardware design , electronic design , software design , and process flow diagrams .
The N 2 chart or N 2 diagram (pronounced "en-two" or "en-squared") is a chart or diagram in the shape of a matrix, representing functional or physical interfaces between system elements. It is used to systematically identify, define, tabulate, design, and analyze functional and physical interfaces.