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The Middle Passage was the stage of the Atlantic slave trade in which millions of enslaved Africans [1] were forcibly transported to the Americas as part of the triangular slave trade. Ships departed Europe for African markets with manufactured goods (first side of the triangle), which were then traded for slaves with rulers of African states ...
The internal slave trade in the United States, also known as the domestic slave trade, the Second Middle Passage [1] and the interregional slave trade, [2] was the mercantile trade of enslaved people within the United States. It was most significant after 1808, when the importation of slaves from Africa was prohibited by federal law.
In this circuit the sea lane west from Africa to the West Indies (and later, also to Brazil) was known as the Middle Passage; its cargo consisted of abducted or recently purchased African people. During the Age of Sail, the particular routes were also shaped by the powerful influence of winds and currents.
After being captured and held in the factories, slaves entered the infamous Middle Passage. Meltzer's research puts this phase of the slave trade's overall mortality at 12.5%. [ 228 ] Their deaths were the result of brutal treatment and poor care from the time of their capture and throughout their voyage. [ 229 ]
Middle Passage (1990) is a historical novel by American writer Charles R. Johnson about the final voyage of an illegal American slave ship on the Middle Passage.Set in 1830, it presents a personal and historical perspective of the illegal slave trade in the United States, telling the story of Rutherford Calhoun, a freed slave who sneaks aboard a slave ship bound for Africa in order to escape a ...
The Northwest Passage ... (late Middle Ages to the 19th century), ... became the first sailboat in history to sail through McClure Strait, ...
Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American Diaspora [1] is a book by Stephanie E. Smallwood and the 2008 winner of the Frederick Douglass Book Prize. [2] [3] The book attempts to tell the story of enslaved Africans through the accounts of the Royal Africa Company (RAC) from 1675 to 1725.
The Middle Passage was a transoceanic segment of the Atlantic slave trade. Middle Passage or The Middle Passage may also refer to: "Middle Passage" (poem), a 1945 poem by Robert Hayden; Middle Passage, a 1990 book by Charles Johnson; The Middle Passage, a 1962 book by V. S. Naipaul; The Middle Passage, a 1999 docudrama