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It is one of the most common and significant causes of sudden abdominal pain. In 2015, approximately 11.6 million cases of appendicitis were reported, resulting in around 50,100 deaths worldwide. [8] [9] In the United States, appendicitis is one of the most common causes of sudden abdominal pain requiring surgery. [2]
In most cases of perforation of a hollow viscus, mixed bacteria are isolated; the most common agents include Gram-negative bacilli (e.g., Escherichia coli) and anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Bacteroides fragilis). Faecal peritonitis results from the presence of faeces in the peritoneal cavity.
Depending on the level of obstruction, bowel obstruction can present with abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and constipation.Bowel obstruction may be complicated by dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities due to vomiting; respiratory compromise from pressure on the diaphragm by a distended abdomen, or aspiration of vomitus; bowel ischemia or perforation from prolonged distension or ...
The underlying cause may involve infection, inflammation, vascular occlusion or bowel obstruction. [7] The pain may elicit nausea and vomiting, abdominal distention, fever and signs of shock. [7] A common condition associated with acute abdominal pain is appendicitis. [8] Here is a list of acute abdomen causes:
Appendicitis is one of the most common, and significant causes of severe abdominal pain, that comes on quickly. In 2015, about 11.6 million cases of appendicitis occurred, which resulted in about 50,100 deaths.
It is also called appendicolith when it occurs in the appendix and is sometimes concurrent with appendicitis. [1] They can also obstruct diverticula. It can form secondary to fecal impaction. A fecaloma is a more severe form of fecal impaction, and a hardened fecaloma may be considered a giant fecalith. The term is from the Greek líthos=stone. [2]
Common causes of an acute abdomen include a gastrointestinal perforation, peptic ulcer disease, mesenteric ischemia, acute cholecystitis, appendicitis, diverticulitis, pancreatitis, and an abdominal hemorrhage. However, this is a non-exhaustative list and other less common causes may also lead to an acute abdomen. [2]
However, it has been proposed to be used in those who are pregnant and have inconclusive findings on ultrasound. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI in diagnosing acute appendicitis are 94% and 96% respectively. [2] Laparoscopic surgery has also been used to diagnose the cause of IAIs when imaging is unhelpful.