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Temperature-responsive polymers or thermoresponsive polymers are polymers that exhibit drastic and discontinuous changes in their physical properties with temperature. [1] The term is commonly used when the property concerned is solubility in a given solvent , but it may also be used when other properties are affected.
The first major problem, of special concern in military applications, which often involve sustained firing, is the heat sensitivity of the ammunition. Nitrocellulose, the primary component of modern firearm propellant , ignites at a relatively low temperature of around 170 °C (338 °F).
The most commonly used PVDF-based terpolymers are P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) and P(VDF-TrFE-CFE). [ 21 ] [ 22 ] This relaxor -based ferroelectric terpolymer is produced by random incorporation of the bulky third monomer ( chlorotrifluoroethylene , CTFE) into the polymer chain of P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer (which is ferroelectric in nature).
The CFE CFE738 is a small turbofan engine aimed at the business/commuter jet market manufactured by the CFE ... Turbine inlet temperature: 2,498 °F (1,370 °C; ...
The CFE Company is a joint venture established by GE Aviation and the Garrett Engine Division of Allied Signal (now Honeywell Aerospace) in June 1987. [1] The company produces the CFE738 , a small turbofan engine used on the Dassault Falcon 2000 . [ 2 ] "
223 °C (433 °F; 496 K) ... and a slightly lower glass transition temperature. PBT and PET are sensitive to hot water above 60 °C (140 °F).
Generally, raising the temperature of an alloy above 0.5 T m results in the plastic deformation mechanisms being controlled by strain-rate sensitivity, whereas at room temperature metals are generally strain-dependent.
To obtain a result valid for non-zero temperature, we note from eq. (23) that z S d F D F = J 0 /d F. So when eq. (21) is integrated at non-zero temperature, then – on making this substitution, and inserting the explicit form of the Fermi–Dirac distribution function – the ECD J can be written in the form: