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  2. Data envelopment analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_envelopment_analysis

    Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric method in operations research and economics for the estimation of production frontiers. [1] DEA has been applied in a large range of fields including international banking, economic sustainability, police department operations, and logistical applications [2] [3] [4] Additionally, DEA has been used to assess the performance of natural language ...

  3. Sankey diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankey_diagram

    Example of a Sankey diagram Sankey's original 1898 diagram showing energy efficiency of a steam engine. Sankey diagrams are a data visualisation technique or flow diagram that emphasizes flow/movement/change from one state to another or one time to another, [1] in which the width of the arrows is proportional to the flow rate of the depicted extensive property.

  4. Efficiency (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficiency_(statistics)

    For example, if a distribution is a combination of 98% N(μ, σ) and 2% N(μ, 10σ), the presence of extreme values from the latter distribution (often "contaminating outliers") significantly reduces the efficiency of the sample mean as an estimator of μ.

  5. Stochastic frontier analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_Frontier_Analysis

    Stochastic frontier analysis has examined also "cost" and "profit" efficiency. [2] The "cost frontier" approach attempts to measure how far from full-cost minimization (i.e. cost-efficiency) is the firm. Modeling-wise, the non-negative cost-inefficiency component is added rather than subtracted in the stochastic specification.

  6. Kaldor–Hicks efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldor–Hicks_efficiency

    For example, a voluntary exchange that creates pollution would be a Kaldor–Hicks improvement if the buyers and sellers are still willing to carry out the transaction even if they have to fully compensate the victims of the pollution. Kaldor–Hicks does not require compensation actually be paid, merely that the possibility for compensation ...

  7. Operational efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_efficiency

    An explanation of the difference between efficiency and (total factor) productivity is found in "An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis". [1] To complicate the meaning, operational excellence , which is about continuous improvement, not limited to efficiency, is occasionally used when meaning operational efficiency.

  8. Cost-effectiveness analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost-effectiveness_analysis

    Cost-effectiveness analysis focuses on maximising the average level of an outcome, distributional cost-effectiveness analysis extends the core methods of CEA to incorporate concerns for the distribution of outcomes as well as their average level and make trade-offs between equity and efficiency, these more sophisticated methods are of ...

  9. Program evaluation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_evaluation

    A detailed example of the positivist approach is a study conducted by the Public Policy Institute of California report titled "Evaluating Academic Programs in California's Community Colleges", in which the evaluators examine measurable activities (i.e. enrollment data) and conduct quantitive assessments like factor analysis.