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The fourth step in the viral cycle is replication, which is defined by the rapid production of the viral genome. How a virus undergoes replication relies on the type of genetic material the virus possesses. Based on their genetic material, viruses will hijack the corresponding cellular machinery for said genetic material.
In the nucleus, the viral polymerase complexes transcribe (STEP 3a) and replicate (STEP 3b) the vRNAs. Newly synthesized mRNAs migrate to cytoplasm (STEP 4) where they are translated. Posttranslational processing of HA, NA, and M2 includes transportation via Golgi apparatus to the cell membrane (STEP 5b).
To enter the cells, proteins on the surface of the virus interact with proteins of the cell. Attachment, or adsorption, occurs between the viral particle and the host cell membrane. A hole forms in the cell membrane, then the virus particle or its genetic contents are released into the host cell, where replication of the viral genome may commence.
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Replication cycle of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) Viral replication is cytoplasmic. The replication cycle is the same for most rhabdoviruses. All components required for early transcription and the nucleocapsid are released to the cytoplasm of the infected cell after the first steps of binding, penetration and uncoating take place. [9]
Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning, and suppression of termination. The virus exits the host cell by tripartite non-tubule guided viral movement, and monopartite non-tubule guided viral movement.
A kinetic class, also known as a temporal class, is a grouping of genes in a viral genome that are expressed at the same time during the viral replication cycle. [1] Five of the human DNA viral families have multiple kinetic classes: Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, Adenoviridae, Papillomaviridae, and Polyomaviridae. [2]
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