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Image of base of the skull with several of the foramina labeled. The human skull has numerous openings , through which cranial nerves, arteries, veins, and other structures pass. These foramina vary in size and number, with age. [1] [2]
A jugular foramen is one of the two (left and right) large foramina (openings) in the base of the skull, located behind the carotid canal. It is formed by the temporal bone and the occipital bone . It allows many structures to pass, including the inferior petrosal sinus , three cranial nerves , the sigmoid sinus , and meningeal arteries.
The foramen magnum (Latin for 'great hole') is a large, oval-shaped opening in the occipital bone of the skull. It is one of the several oval or circular openings (foramina) in the base of the skull. The spinal cord, an extension of the medulla oblongata, passes through the foramen magnum as it exits the cranial cavity.
The human skull contains a number of foramina through which arteries, veins, nerves, and other structures enter and exit. Pages in category "Foramina of the skull" The following 46 pages are in this category, out of 46 total.
Lateral to the foramen ovale is the foramen spinosum, for the passage of the middle meningeal vessels, and a recurrent branch from the mandibular nerve. Medial to the foramen ovale is the foramen lacerum ; in the fresh state the lower part of this aperture is filled up by a layer of fibrocartilage , while its upper and inner parts transmit the ...
Structurally, the endocranium consists of a boxlike shape, open at the top. The posterior margin exhibit the foramen magnum, an opening for the spinal cord.The floor of the endocranium has several paired openings for the cranial nerves, and the anterior margin holds a spongy construction, allowing for the external nasal nerves to pass through. [2]
In the newborn, the foramen spinosum is about 2.25 mm long and in adults about 2.56 mm. The width of the foramen variesfrom 1.05 mm to about 2.1 mm in adults. [5] The average diameter of the foramen spinosum is 2.63 mm in adults. [6] It is usually between 3 and 4 mm away from the foramen ovale in adults. [7]
The head rests on the top part of the vertebral column, with the skull joining at C1 (the first cervical vertebra known as the atlas). The skeletal section of the head and neck forms the top part of the axial skeleton and is made up of the skull, hyoid bone, auditory ossicles, and cervical spine. The skull can be further subdivided into: