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Pathogen-induced necrosis programs in cells with immunological barriers (intestinal mucosa) may alleviate invasion of pathogens through surfaces affected by inflammation. [1] Toxins and pathogens may cause necrosis; toxins such as snake venoms may inhibit enzymes and cause cell death. [15]
Liquefactive necrosis (or colliquative necrosis) is a type of necrosis which results in a transformation of the tissue into a liquid viscous mass. [1] Often it is associated with focal bacterial or fungal infections, and can also manifest as one of the symptoms of an internal chemical burn . [ 2 ]
The lack of oxygen (hypoxia) causes cell death in a localized area which is perfused by blood vessels failing to deliver primarily oxygen, but also other important nutrients. While ischemia in most tissues of the body will cause coagulative necrosis, in the central nervous system ischemia causes liquefactive necrosis , as there is very little ...
Fat necrosis may result from various injuries to adipose tissue, including: physical trauma, enzymatic digestion of adipocytes by lipases, [3] radiation therapy, [4] hypoxia, or inflammation of subcutaneous fat (panniculitis). The gross appearance of fat necrosis is as an irregular, chalky white area within otherwise normal adipose tissue. [1]
Acute inflammation of the lung (usually in response to pneumonia) does not cause pain unless the inflammation involves the parietal pleura, which does have pain-sensitive nerve endings. [15] Heat and redness are due to increased blood flow at body core temperature to the inflamed site. Swelling is caused by accumulation of fluid.
Due to its proinflammatory action, a proinflammatory cytokine tends to make the disease itself or the symptoms correlated to a disease worse by causing fever, inflammation, tissue destruction, and in some cases, even shock and death. [7] Excessive amounts of proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to cause detrimental effects [2]
Chronic systemic inflammation is the result of release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from immune-related cells and the chronic activation of the innate immune system.It can contribute to the development or progression of certain conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune and neurodegenerative ...
Genital ulcerations, uveitis, oral aphthous ulcers, and skin lesions are the main symptoms. [20] Cogan's syndrome is an uncommon type of autoimmune systemic vasculitis that causes inflammation inside the eyes and malfunctions the vestibulo-auditory system, usually resulting in neurosensory deafness but also tinnitus and vertigo. [21]