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Amicable numbers. Amicable numbers are two different natural numbers related in such a way that the sum of the proper divisors of each is equal to the other number. That is, s (a)= b and s (b)= a, where s (n)=σ (n)- n is equal to the sum of positive divisors of n except n itself (see also divisor function). The smallest pair of amicable ...
For example, if n = 171 × p × q where p < q are very large primes, trial division will quickly produce the factors 3 and 19 but will take p divisions to find the next factor. As a contrasting example, if n is the product of the primes 13729, 1372933, and 18848997161, where 13729 × 1372933 = 18848997157, Fermat's factorization method will ...
In mathematics, the complex conjugate root theorem states that if P is a polynomial in one variable with real coefficients, and a + bi is a root of P with a and b real numbers, then its complex conjugate a − bi is also a root of P. [1] It follows from this (and the fundamental theorem of algebra) that, if the degree of a real polynomial is ...
For example, the "primitive" friendly pair 6 and 28 gives rise to friendly pairs 6n and 28n for all n that are congruent to 1, 5, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 25, 29, 31, 37, or 41 modulo 42. [ 4 ] This shows that the natural density of the friendly numbers (if it exists) is positive.
In mathematics, specifically set theory, the Cartesian product of two sets A and B, denoted A × B, is the set of all ordered pairs (a, b) where a is in A and b is in B. [1] In terms of set-builder notation, that is [2][3] A table can be created by taking the Cartesian product of a set of rows and a set of columns.
A Pythagorean triple consists of three positive integers a, b, and c, such that a2 + b2 = c2. Such a triple is commonly written (a, b, c), a well-known example is (3, 4, 5). If (a, b, c) is a Pythagorean triple, then so is (ka, kb, kc) for any positive integer k. A triangle whose side lengths are a Pythagorean triple is a right triangle and ...
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For example, C 4 = C 2 and C 6 = 2C 2. Twin primes have the same conjectured density as cousin primes, and half that of sexy primes. Note that each odd prime factor q of n increases the conjectured density compared to twin primes by a factor of . A heuristic argument follows. It relies on some unproven assumptions so the conclusion remains a ...