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A variety of diseases and abnormal conditions that involve pigmentation are in humans and animals, either from absence of or loss of pigmentation or pigment cells, or from the excess production of pigment. Albinism is an inherited disorder characterized by total or partial loss of melanin. Humans and animals that suffer from albinism are called ...
Micrograph of the epidermis, with melanin labeled at left. Melanin (/ ˈmɛlənɪn / ⓘ; from Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas) 'black, dark') is a family of biomolecules organized as oligomers or polymers, which among other functions provide the pigments of many organisms. [1] Melanin pigments are produced in a specialized group of cells ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 8 November 2024. "Skin pigmentation" redirects here. For animal skin pigmentation, see Biological pigment. Extended Coloured family from South Africa showing some spectrum of human skin coloration Human skin color ranges from the darkest brown to the lightest hues. Differences in skin color among ...
A wide variety of wavelengths (colors) encounter a pigment. This pigment absorbs red and green light, but reflects blue—giving the substance a blue-colored appearance. Like all materials, the color of pigments arises because they absorb only certain wavelengths of visible light. The bonding properties of the material determine the wavelength ...
Light skin. Light skin is a human skin color that has a low level of eumelanin pigmentation as an adaptation to environments of low UV radiation. [1][2] Due to migrations of people in recent centuries, light-skinned populations today are found all over the world. [2][3] Light skin is most commonly found amongst the native populations of Europe ...
Dark skin. Dark skin is a type of human skin color that is rich in melanin pigments. [1][2][3] People with dark skin are often referred to as black people, [4] although this usage can be ambiguous in some countries where it is also used to specifically refer to different ethnic groups or populations. [5][6][7][8] The evolution of dark skin is ...
Chromatophores in the skin of a squid. Chromatophores are cells that produce color, of which many types are pigment -containing cells, or groups of cells, found in a wide range of animals including amphibians, fish, reptiles, crustaceans and cephalopods. Mammals and birds, in contrast, have a class of cells called melanocytes for coloration.
Melanocytes are melanin -producing neural crest -derived [3] cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), [4] the inner ear, [5] vaginal epithelium, [6] meninges, [7] bones, [8] and heart found in many mammals and birds. [9] Melanin is a dark pigment primarily ...