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Fool's mate was named and described in The Royal Game of Chess-Play, a 1656 text by Francis Beale that adapted the work of the early chess writer Gioachino Greco. [2]Prior to the mid-19th century, there was not a prevailing convention as to whether White or Black moved first; according to Beale, the matter was to be decided in some prior contest or decision of the players' choice. [3]
The longest seven-piece example is a mate-in-549 position discovered in the Lomonosov tablebase by Guy Haworth, ignoring the 50-move rule. [3] [4] Such a position is beyond the ability of any human to solve, and no chess engine plays it correctly, either, without access to the tablebase, which initially (in 2014) required 140 TB of storage ...
Staunton style chess pieces. Left to right: king, rook, queen, pawn, knight, bishop. The rules of chess (also known as the laws of chess) govern the play of the game of chess. Chess is a two-player abstract strategy board game. Each player controls sixteen pieces of six types on a chessboard. Each type of piece moves in a distinct way.
Kc6, leading to the position in Figure 2. There are only two legal moves for black from this position, both of which lead to checkmate: if 1...Kb8 2. Qb7#, and if 1...Kd8 2. Qd7# (Figure 3). Figure 3, before White's second move, is defined as "mate in one ply." Figure 2, after White's first move, is "mate in two ply," regardless of how Black plays.
With the stronger side to move, checkmate can be forced in at most thirty-three moves from almost any starting position. [1] [2] Although it is classified as one of the four basic checkmates, [3] [a] the bishop and knight checkmate occurs in practice only approximately once in every 6,000 games. [4]
Protecting the pawn in order to free the rook to move. If 1.a7 Ra6! 2.Kb5 Ra1 3.Kb6 Rb1+ 4.Kc7 Rc1+ 5.Kd7 Ra1, and White cannot win. Note that if Black's king were on g6 there would follow 2.Rg8+ with 3.a8=Q, and if it were on f7 White would win with 2.Rh8! Rxa7 3.Rh7+. 1... Rf5+! 2. Kc6 Rf6+! An important square for the rook.
Stalemate is a situation in chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check and has no legal move. Stalemate results in a draw.During the endgame, stalemate is a resource that can enable the player with the inferior position to draw the game rather than lose. [2]
The double exclamation point "!!" is used for particularly strong moves, [2] usually difficult-to-find moves which require a high level of skill and calculation. Annotators are generally more conservative and withhold this rating more than they do the "!".