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The Human Cell Atlas project, which started in 2016, had as one of its goals to "catalog all cell types (for example, immune cells or brain cells) and sub-types in the human body". [13] By 2018, the Human Cell Atlas description based the project on the assumption that "our characterization of the hundreds of types and subtypes of cells in the ...
Pie charts of typical human body composition by percent of mass, and by percent of atomic composition (atomic percent) Body composition may be analyzed in various ways. This can be done in terms of the chemical elements present, or by molecular structure e.g., water , protein , fats (or lipids ), hydroxyapatite (in bones), carbohydrates (such ...
The human genome, categorized by function of each gene product, given both as number of genes and as percentage of all genes. [7] Proteins may also be classified based on their cellular function. A widely used classification is PANTHER (protein analysis through evolutionary relationships) classification system. [7]
6.6-8.2 × 10 −8: Adenosine triphosphate: Energy storage total 3.1-5.7 × 10 −4: phosphorus 5-10 × 10 −5: Adrenocorticotrophic hormone: Stimulates the adrenal cortex 2.5-12 × 10 −11 @ 6AM, mean 5.5 × 10 −11 @ 6AM, maximum 12 × 10 −11 @ 6PM, mean 3.5 × 10 −11 @ 6PM, maximum <7.5 × 10 −11: Alanine: Amino acid 2.7-5.5 × 10 ...
Cell-cell adhesion complexes are required for simple epithelia in higher organisms to maintain structure, function and polarity. These complexes, which help regulate cell growth in addition to creating and maintaining epithelial layers, [6] are known as adherens junctions and they typically include at least cadherin, β-catenin, and α-catenin. [7]
Metallothionein (MT) is an indirect redox balance regulator which regulates nuclear factor red blood cell 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the body. However, MT plays an important role in the anti-injury protection of the cardiovascular system, mainly in its inhibitory effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Substance P (SP) is an undecapeptide (a peptide composed of a chain of 11 amino acid residues) [1] and a type of neuropeptide, belonging to the tachykinin family of neuropeptides.
Aminopeptidases are a diverse group of enzymes that play crucial roles in various biological processes, including protein digestion, cell growth, and immune response.They are classified based on their substrate specificity (strength of binding) and catalytic mechanism (means of catalyzing their reaction) into two main categories: metalloaminopeptidases and cysteine aminopeptidases.