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Estrogen dominance is widely discussed by many proponents and on many alternative medicine websites, including: Christiane Northrup , former obstetrics and gynecology physician, believes that estrogen dominance is linked to "allergies, autoimmune disorders, breast cancer, uterine cancer, infertility, ovarian cysts, and increased blood clotting ...
Estrogen is associated with edema, including facial and abdominal swelling. Melanin. Estrogen is known to cause darkening of skin, especially in the face and areolae. [38] Pale skinned women will develop browner and yellower skin during pregnancy, as a result of the increase of estrogen, known as the "mask of pregnancy". [39]
Compound Chemical name Structure Marketed Estradiol (E2) Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol 2-Hydroxyestradiol: 2-Hydroxyestradiol – 4-Hydroxyestradiol
The volumes of sexually dimorphic brain structures in transgender women were found to change and approximate typical female brain structures when exposed to estrogen concomitantly with androgen deprivation over a period of months, [31] suggesting that estrogen and/or androgens have a significant part to play in sex differentiation of the brain ...
Induction of apoptosis by 2-meOE 2 may be p53 dependent or independent. 2-meOE 2 has also been found to inhibit aromatase activity, thereby lowering the in situ synthesis of E 2 in cancer tissue. [ 4 ] 2-meOE 2 has a higher binding affinity for sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) than E 2 and 2-OH-E 2 and has no affinity for the estrogen receptor.
An estrogen conjugate is a conjugate of an endogenous estrogen. They occur naturally in the body as metabolites of estrogens and can be reconverted back into estrogens. They serve as a circulating reservoir for estrogen, particularly in the case of orally administered pharmaceutical estradiol .
Estradiol is an estrogen, or an agonist of the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). [1] [2] [6] In one study, the EC 50 Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration value of estradiol for the human ERα was 50 pM (0.05 nM) and for the human ERβ was 200 pM (0.2 nM).
[2] [4] Although 17α-estradiol is far weaker than 17β-estradiol as an agonist of the nuclear estrogen receptors, it has been found to bind to and activate the brain-expressed ER-X with a greater potency than that of 17β-estradiol, suggesting that it may be the predominant endogenous ligand for the receptor.