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Landau–Kleffner syndrome (LKS), also called infantile acquired aphasia, acquired epileptic aphasia, [1] or aphasia with convulsive disorder, is a rare neurological syndrome that develops during childhood. [2] It is named after William Landau and Frank Kleffner, who characterized it in 1957 with a diagnosis of six children. [3] [4]
The classification distinguishes focal aware seizures from focal impaired awareness seizures. [1]: 524 Aware means aware of self and surroundings during the seizure, verified when a person can recall events having occurred during the seizure. [1]: 527 Impaired awareness occurs even if the recall of events is only partially impaired. [1]
The epileptic seizures can be of different types depending on the part of the brain that was affected, seizures are classified in 2 main types partial seizure or generalized seizure. [1] Once a child has their first seizure or suspect seizure, they should be referred to specialized paediatrician in epilepsy and seizures to assess the seizure ...
Focal seizures (also called partial seizures [1] and localized seizures) are seizures that affect initially only one hemisphere of the brain. [2] [3] The brain is divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four lobes – the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. A focal seizure is generated in and affects just one part of the ...
When seizures affect areas other than the motor cortex, other transient neurological deficits can take place. These include sensory changes if the sensory cortex is involved by the seizure, visual field defects if the occipital lobe is involved, and aphasia if speech, comprehension or conducting fibers are involved. [citation needed]
Some people with this disorder report that there are specific sounds which can trigger their seizures. But most people do not have a known trigger. [4] People with ADPEAF may have different kinds of seizures, but partial seizures are often the most common. [6] The frequency of seizures can vary greatly from person-to-person. [5]
Panayiotopoulos syndrome (named after C. P. Panayiotopoulos) is a common idiopathic childhood-related seizure disorder that occurs exclusively in otherwise normal children (idiopathic epilepsy) and manifests mainly with autonomic epileptic seizures and autonomic status epilepticus. [1]
Generalized epilepsy is a form of epilepsy characterised by generalised seizures with no apparent cause. [1] Generalized seizures, as opposed to focal seizures, are a type of seizure that impairs consciousness and distorts the electrical activity of the whole or a larger portion of the brain (which can be seen, for example, on electroencephalography, EEG).
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