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Bronchiectasis is a disease in which there is permanent enlargement of parts of the airways of the lung. [5] Symptoms typically include a chronic cough with mucus production. [ 3 ] Other symptoms include shortness of breath , coughing up blood , and chest pain. [ 2 ]
Pulmonary edema has multiple causes and is traditionally classified as cardiogenic (caused by the heart) or noncardiogenic (all other types not caused by the heart). [2] [3] Various laboratory tests (CBC, troponin, BNP, etc.) and imaging studies (chest x-ray, CT scan, ultrasound) are often used to diagnose and classify the cause of pulmonary edema.
Obstructive lung disease is a category of respiratory disease characterized by airway obstruction.Many obstructive diseases of the lung result from narrowing (obstruction) of the smaller bronchi and larger bronchioles, often because of excessive contraction of the smooth muscle itself.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...
Trapped air can also develop in other tissues such as under the skin, known as subcutaneous emphysema. Orbital emphysema is the trapping of air in the orbit; a type of this is palpebral emphysema that affects just the eyelids. [62] Emphysematous gastritis is the presence of air in the stomach wall, usually caused by a bacterial infection. [63]
A heart attack occurs when the blood flow to your heart is blocked. The most common cause is coronary artery disease. The most common cause is coronary artery disease.
This can lead to strain on the right side of the heart, a condition known as cor pulmonale. Pulmonary edema, leakage of fluid from capillaries of the lung into the alveoli (or air spaces). It is usually due to congestive heart failure. Pulmonary hemorrhage, inflammation and damage to capillaries in the lung resulting in blood leaking into the ...
Areas of emphysema are abnormal, air-filled spaces that usually do not have visible walls, [5] and bullae are very thin walled (<1 mm). [2] Cystic bronchiectasis is irreversible bronchial dilation, which is permanent widening of the bronchioles (small airways) in the lung. [2]